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Chinese supercomputer displaces US machines as world’s fastest for first time since 2017

A supercomputer in China now outranks its U.S. counterparts as the world’s most powerful, marking the first time since 2017 that a Chinese computer has topped a list sometimes viewed as a measure of a nation’s technological prowess.

The LineShine computer in Shenzhen, China, displaced top-ranked U.S. computer El Capitan in the latest version of the TOP500 ranking announced Tuesday. It was the Chinese computer’s debut on the list.

Scientists behind the TOP500 project said the LineShine computer at China’s National Supercomputing Center achieved 2.198 exaflops, meaning it can perform more than 2 quintillion calculations per second.

Graphene plasmon cavities enable advanced and scalable terahertz photodetectors

How could we noninvasively distinguish between healthy and cancerous tissue? And how could we increase the speed of wireless communications? These two seemingly unrelated questions may share the same answer: terahertz (THz) light. Spanning frequencies between 0.3 and 20 THz, THz light interacts with matter without causing damage and allows for faster data transfer than radio waves. It is thus ideal for advancing many applications in biomedicine and telecommunications, for which simple yet sensitive and fast detectors are needed.

The challenge, however, is enormous: When detectors are fast enough and operate at room temperature, they suffer from high noise levels; and when noise is minimized, some work only within a narrow frequency range and under cryogenic cooling, while others offer broadband operation but at much slower response times. Far from defeated, researchers keep seeking ways to develop the (close to) ideal THz detector—one that could potentially turn noninvasive melanoma diagnosis or high-speed wireless communication into a reality.

ICFO researchers Dr. Domenico De Fazio, Dr. Sebastián Castilla, Dr. Karuppasamy P. Soundarapandian, Dr. Simone Marconi, Riccardo Bertini and Dr. Roshan K. Kumar, led by ICREA Prof. Frank Koppens, together with Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, University of Ioannina, Queen Mary University of London, University of Manchester and Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), have now taken a step forward in that direction. The team designed a novel device based on monolayer graphene that, under liquid nitrogen cooling, emits a strong electric signal when struck by THz radiation. The results, published in ACS Photonics, open a route to build practical, tunable and selective THz detectors.

Wave-packet interferometry captures elusive dark excitons in organic superconductor

In a recent study, Manish Garg, independent group leader at Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research (MPI FKF), succeeded in probing the local properties of bright and dark excitons in the organic superconductor copper naphthalocyanine (CuNc). The findings are published in the journal Nature Communications.

This study was the result of the efforts of an international collaboration that brought together the MPI for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, the Università della Calabria and the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.

By combining scanning tunneling microscopy with wave-packet interferometry, the authors gained remarkable—and previously inaccessible—insights into exciton dynamics. The insights gained with this technique can be of paramount importance both in the field of energy materials—where excitons play a central role in light-harvesting technologies such as solar cells—and in quantum technologies, as excitons are considered a promising platform for quantum computing.

Pathway to high-fidelity quantum computing identified

Researchers from the University of Sydney, working with IBM, have identified and quantified important factors limiting the performance of quantum computers and demonstrated ways to overcome their impact.

The findings, which improve understanding of how errors emerge during quantum computations, could significantly advance the reliability of quantum technology.

The paper has been published in Nature Communications.

Listening for quantum oscillations in the Kondo insulator ytterbium dodecaboride

Magnetic quantum oscillations have been unexpectedly observed in insulators, where freely moving charge carriers are not expected to exist. A joint study by researchers from Tokyo University of Science, The University of Tokyo and Kobe University investigated this puzzling behavior in the Kondo insulator YbB12 using ultrasound.

The findings are published in the journal Physical Review B.

While no oscillations were detected in the insulating state, clear signals emerged after the material became metallic, offering new insight into unusual quantum behavior in next-generation materials.

Espresso ‘pucks’ stop behaving predictably above certain pressures

When a physics student asked baristas at the Warsaw Coffee Conference what their biggest question for scientists was, the baristas said they wanted to know how to stop channeling during brewing.

Channeling is an issue that arises as hot water passes through a pressed “puck” of espresso. The water follows the path of least resistance through the coffee grounds, resulting in an uneven brew and bitter flavor.

In Physics of Fluids, researchers from the University of Warsaw set out to determine the physical properties of espresso brewing to improve the preparation process.

Scientists create optical skyrmions using a two-century-old light phenomenon

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) scientists have used a classic optical phenomenon known as the Poisson spot to create stable patterns of light called optical skyrmions, which are tiny, swirling configurations in the properties of light—akin to the spikes of a hedgehog.

The team used a laser directed at a small circular disk instead of the complex and costly engineered materials commonly used to generate these skyrmions. This new method gives scientists a much simpler way to generate, study and adjust optical skyrmions.

Skyrmions are currently a hot scientific subject because they hold the potential to store information, paving the way for future data storage, communications and computing systems.

New breakthrough spots deadly methanol without opening bottles

A new optical technique developed by researchers at the University of St Andrews and Adelaide University allows toxic methanol in alcoholic spirits to be detected without opening the bottle. Published in the Journal of Physics: Photonics, this new work offers a powerful new tool for tackling counterfeit alcohol and improving consumer safety worldwide.

Methanol contamination of spirits such as whiskey, gin and vodka causes hundreds of deaths each year and can lead to serious physical consequences, such as blindness. Recent high-profile incidents have highlighted the danger: In 2024, six tourists died in Laos after drinking alcohol later found to be contaminated with methanol. It is estimated that methanol poisoning has caused tens of thousands of deaths globally, with incidents documented in nearly 80 countries.

Despite this, gold-standard tests for methanol detection are time-consuming and expensive, requiring trained personnel and specialized laboratory equipment.

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