Molecular mechanisms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not fully understood. Here the authors demonstrate a mutation in CDH2, encoding N-cadherin, that is associated with ADHD, and in a mouse model, delineate molecular electrophysiological characteristics associated with this mutation.
In the year 2,525, humans, post-humans, and new species navigate a vast and vibrant future. Join us as we explore the lives, dreams, and struggles of a trillion-strong civilization.
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/ discord Credits: Life in 2525 A.D. Episode 500; May 22, 2025 Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Merv Johnson II & Thomas Owens Graphics: Anthrofuturism Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik Ken York YD Visual Space Resources CGI Udo Schroeter Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator Chris Zabriskie, “Unfoldment, Revealment”, “A New Day in a New Sector” Taras Harkavyi, “Alpha and…” Stellardrone, “Red Giant”, “Billions and Billions” Sergey Cheremisinov, “Labyrinth” 0:00 Intro 0:35 Dinner & Tales of the Future (Story Arc) 7:36 The Captain’s Concerns (Story Arc) 16:37 Episode 500 28:36 Antimatter Propulsion 30:08 On Colonizing Gas Giants and Energy Economics 44:45 Voyage Interrupted.
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Credits:
Life in 2525 A.D.
Episode 500; May 22, 2025
Written, Produced \& Narrated by: Isaac Arthur.
Editors: Merv Johnson II \& Thomas Owens.
Graphics:
Anthrofuturism.
Jarred Eagley.
Jeremy Jozwik.
Ken York YD Visual.
Space Resources CGI
Udo Schroeter.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.
Neutrinos are elementary particles that are predicted to be massless by the standard model of particle physics, yet their observed oscillations suggest that they do in fact have a mass, which is very low. A further characteristic of these particles is that they only weakly interact with other matter, which makes them very difficult to detect using conventional experimental methods.
The KATRIN (Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino) experiment is a large-scale research effort aimed at precisely measuring the effective mass of the electron anti-neutrino using advanced instruments located at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany.
The researchers involved in this experiment recently published the results of a new analysis of data from the second measurement campaign in Physical Review Letters, which set new constraints on interactions involving neutrinos that could arise from unknown physics that is not explained by the standard model, also known as general neutrino interactions.
A team of McGill University researchers, working with colleagues in the United States and South Korea, has developed a new way to make high-performance lithium-ion battery materials that could help phase out expensive and/or difficult-to-source metals like nickel and cobalt.
The team’s breakthrough lies in creating a better method of producing “disordered rock-salt” (DRX) cathode particles, an alternative battery material. Until now, manufacturers struggled to control the size and quality of DRX particles, which made them unstable and hard to use in manufacturing settings. The researchers addressed that problem by developing a method to produce uniformly sized, highly crystalline particles with no grinding or post-processing required.
“Our method enables mass production of DRX cathodes with consistent quality, which is essential for their adoption in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage,” said Jinhyuk Lee, the paper’s corresponding author and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mining and Materials Engineering.
For a decade, scientists have believed that plants sensed temperature mainly through specialized proteins, and mainly at night when the air is cool. New research suggests that during the day, another signal takes over. Sugar, produced in sunlight, helps plants detect heat and decide when to grow.
The study shows that plants rely on multiple heat-sensing systems, and that sugar plays a central and previously unrecognized role in daytime temperature response. The findings, published in Nature Communications, reshape a long-standing view of how plants interact with their environment and could influence future strategies for climate-resilient agriculture.
“Our textbooks say that proteins like phytochrome B and early flowering 3 (ELF3) are the main thermosensors in plants,” the senior author said. “But those models are based on nighttime data. We wanted to know what’s happening during the day, when light and temperature are both high because these are the conditions most plants actually experience.”
Grab a coffee and your car is fully charged—this is how many people envision the future of mobility. But today’s batteries still fall short of this ideal. While modern lithium–ion batteries can charge from 20% to 80% in about 20 to 30 minutes, a full charge takes considerably longer—and fast charging puts significant stress on the cells.
A new international review study published in the journal Advanced Energy Materials now shows how lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) could overcome these limitations.
Researchers from Germany, India, and Taiwan—coordinated by Dr. Mozaffar Abdollahifar from the research group of Professor Rainer Adelung at Kiel University (CAU)—systematically analyzed hundreds of recent studies and identified mechanisms that can enable LSBs to operate stably and efficiently even at high charging rates. Their goal: charging times under 30 minutes—ideally as low as 12 minutes—combined with higher energy density and extended driving range.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is infamous for its resource-heavy training, but a new study may have found a solution in a novel communications system, called ZEN, that markedly improves the way large language models (LLMs) train.
The research team at Rice University was helmed by doctoral graduate Zhuang Wang and computer science professor T.S. Eugene Ng with contributions from two other computer science faculty members: assistant professor Yuke Wang and professor Anshumali Shrivastava. Stevens University’s Zhaozhuo Xu and Jingyi Xi of Zhejiang University also contributed to the project.
Certain migratory species of sharks may remain swimming and feeding in Atlantic Ocean waters in areas of the northeast coast for longer periods of time later into fall before they head toward southern waters. Led by researchers in the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS) at Stony Brook University, the study tracked six shark species over five years by way of tagging them and acoustically tracking their movement.
American researchers from the University of Michigan have developed a new text recognition test, generated by AI and the one created by man.
Recognizing AI-generated content from human-generated content is not an easy task. There are no so many tools, that can effectively distinguish between the two, generated by AI from the human-made and avoid false accusations.
The new test by American researchers may be especially useful for scientists and students, who are increasingly faced with the fact that the works they create are perceived as generated by artificial intelligence. The developers have named their tool «Liketropy», as the theoretical basis of the method includes the statistical ideas of likelihood and entropy.
