A cancer-killing virus has stopped pancreatic tumours from growing and spreading in three people in an initial safety trial, raising hopes that it may help to beat the deadly condition
Category: biotech/medical
New MRI sensors detect target molecules in the brain and body with high sensitivity
When doctors and scientists want to see inside a body, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool. MRI can noninvasively capture detailed images of the body’s muscles, organs, and bones. It can monitor blood flow to generate a map of brain activity. And with new sensors developed by bioengineers at MIT, MRI can track the kinds of molecules that make our brains and bodies work.
In the May 13 issue of the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering, a team led by Alan Jasanoff, the Eugene McDermott Professor in the Brain Sciences and Human Behavior at MIT, reports on their new sensors, which can brighten or dim MRI signals in response to specific molecular targets. The probes are designed to amplify the effect that each target molecule has on MRI signal, dramatically improving sensitivity over previous small-molecule sensors.
Jasanoff, who is also an associate investigator at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, says the approach his team used should enable the development of MRI sensors that detect neurotransmitters and other important molecules in the brain.
Nanofiber implant delivers three drugs, doubles survival in glioblastoma mice
Researchers with the University of Cincinnati and Johns Hopkins Medicine developed a potential treatment for brain cancer that uses nanofibers embedded with a combination of drugs that work in concert to target tumors. The drugs proved more effective in combination than when administered alone and can provide both immediate and long-lasting doses to kill cancer cells.
“In our study, a three-drug combination showed strong synergistic effects across multiple glioblastoma models and significantly improved survival in animal studies,” said Daewoo Han, an assistant professor in UC’s College of Engineering and Applied Science and lead author of the paper published in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering.
Han and Distinguished Research Professor Andrew Steckl incorporated the drugs into electrospun fiber membranes, creating a nanofiber drug delivery system. Steckl’s NanoLab at the University of Cincinnati is a leading developer of this technology that uses an electric field to create a multilayered fiber mesh for drug delivery, among other uses. “This combination is pretty powerful,” Steckl said.
Cancer jab can eradicate entire tumours in patients, trial shows
In an international trial spanning 11 countries, the injection was offered to patients whose cancer had spread or come back and whose disease had failed to respond to other treatments.
The jab, called amivantamab, shrank the tumours of more than a third of patients, with dramatic changes seen within weeks. In 15 of them, doctors found the drug had melted away their tumours altogether.
Kevin Harrington, professor in biological cancer therapies at the Institute of Cancer Research, London (ICR), said: These are unprecedentedly strong responses in patients whose disease has become resistant to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Targeting the Cancer Glycocalyx
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The promise of magnetically controlled medicine
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Inside Alzheimer’s neurons, tau may set off a genetic chain reaction that ends in cell death
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in mental functions and memory loss. Along with frontotemporal dementia and some other neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with an accumulation inside neurons of abnormal clumps of a protein called “tau.”
The tau protein is important for brain health, stabilizing structures called microtubules inside neurons. In Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies (i.e., diseases linked with the abnormal accumulation of tau), tau proteins aggregate into toxic and insoluble clumps that are harmful to brain cells, gradually leading to their death.
Researchers at Zhejiang University, Xiamen University and other institutes in China recently carried out a study aimed at better understanding the processes via which tau aggregation contributes to the death of neurons in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Their findings, published in Nature Neuroscience, suggest that these tau clumps prompt the reactivation of transposable DNA elements in neurons, which can in turn lead to their death.
Legend scientific founder returns to ASCO with new ambition for high-yield, non-gene-editing CAR-T platform
Nine years after wowing the audience at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting with a CAR-T candidate that would become Carvykti—now the world’s most successful cell therapy—Legend Biotech’s scientific founder, Frank Fan, M.D., Ph.D., is returning to the spotlight with an entirely new playbook.
This time, Fan isn’t showcasing an autologous product engineered with each individual patient’s cells. Instead, with his new venture, Wondercel Therapeutics, Fan hopes an off-the-shelf universal CAR-T platform can tackle two bottlenecks of the cell therapy industry: massive production scalability and the pitfalls associated with gene editing.
“If this approach proves successful, the critical thing is that we can achieve linear scalability in CAR-T production capacity that can match traditional biologics,” Fan said in an interview with Fierce.
Lab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows ‘irreversible’ nerve damage may be reversed
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have provided the first-ever proof that human nerve regeneration after an injury can be reversed and reactivated. Using stem cell-derived brain and spinal cord organoids, scientists discovered a specific genetic network that acts like a “switch,” shutting down axon growth as neurons mature. Remarkably, by blocking key regulators within this network using an already available human drug called lynestrenol, they successfully retriggered the growth of nerve fibers. While lynestrenol itself is not an immediate cure for spinal cord injuries, this monumental discovery proves that the physiological barrier preventing nerve regeneration can be overcome — opening up incredible new possibilities for reversing paralysis and treating severe neurodegenerative diseases in the future!
Cambridge scientists have grown miniature circuits in the lab that mimic how the brain and spinal cord connect up, which underlies our movements. They used this model to show how damage to these connections previously considered ‘irreversible’ could, in fact, be reversible.
Our sophisticated organoid models help bridge the knowledge gap from animal models to what we see in patients.
