Online now: Tsang et al. identify the T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 as a neuronal leucine sensor in hypothalamic POMC neurons. Leucine directly binds Cav3.1, lowering its activation threshold. Loss of Cav3.1 in POMC neurons abolishes high-protein diet-induced appetite suppression, while pharmacological activation promotes weight loss and potentiates the effects of anorectic agents.
For centuries, the inability to regrow lost body parts has been considered a defining limitation of humans and other mammals. While animals like salamanders can regenerate entire limbs, humans are left with scar tissue. But new research from the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) suggests that this limitation may not be permanent. Instead, the capacity for regeneration may still exist—hidden within the body’s normal healing process.
“Why some animals can regenerate and others, particularly humans, can’t is a big question that has been asked since Aristotle,” said Dr. Ken Muneoka, a professor in the VMBS’ Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology (VTPP). “I’ve spent my career trying to understand that.”
In their study, published in Nature Communications, Muneoka and his colleagues detail a newly developed two-step treatment that led to the regeneration of bone, joint structures and ligaments. While the results were imperfect, the team believes this approach could be used more immediately to reduce scarring and improve tissue repair after amputations.
“We think we’re looking at organic matter that’s been preserved on Mars for 3.5 billion years,” said Dr. Amy Williams. [ https://www.labroots.com/trending/space/30462/nasa-rover-unc…les-mars-2](https://www.labroots.com/trending/space/30462/nasa-rover-unc…les-mars-2)
Does Mars contain the building blocks for life as we know it? This is what a recent study published in Nature Communications hopes to address as a team of researchers investigated whether the surface of Mars could preserve evidence for life as we know it using experiments from one of its rovers. This study has the potential to help scientists better understand how and where to search for past evidence of life as we know it and comes as NASA is working to return samples from the surface of Mars.
For the study, the researchers examined data obtained from NASA’s Curiosity rover, which has been exploring Gale Crater on Mars since 2012. Recently, it used its cache of scientific instruments to identify more than 20 organic molecules from 3.5-billion-year-old Martian clays. These included a first-time identification of DNA precursors and specific chemicals that are delivered to planets via meteorites.
“It’s nearly invisible to the naked eye but our instruments give rise to a vision of swaths of scintillating corona glowing as thunderstorms pass overhead,” said Patrick McFarland. [ https://www.labroots.com/trending/earth-and-the-environment/…s-storms-2](https://www.labroots.com/trending/earth-and-the-environment/…s-storms-2)
Can storms cause electrical discharges on trees? This is something that has eluded scientists for decades, but a recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters might finally have an answer as a team of researchers collected first-time images of trees emanating ultraviolet (UV) light during a thunderstorm. This study has the potential to help scientists better understand how weather could affect plants worldwide.
For the study, the researchers traveled to Florida, which is known for its frequent and powerful thunderstorms, with the goal of imaging electric pulses that appear at the tips of trees during such storms. The primary motivation behind the study was to provide direct evidence of an atmospheric phenomenon that had been hypothesized since the 1930s but never captured in nature. During this time, scientists suspected that trees emit light during thunderstorms due to the electrical discharges but never had direct evidence.
Using a customized camera capable of capturing only corona light, lightning, and fire, this team of researchers successfully captured first-time evidence of trees emitting UV light during a Florida thunderstorm. These findings are crucial in helping researchers better understand the link between atmospheric electricity and forest ecology.
“This study provides a crucial step in improving projections of water resource responses to climate change and underscores the value of integrating water transit time dynamics into future hydrologic assessments,” said Zachariah Butler. [ https://www.labroots.com/trending/earth-and-the-environment/…now-rain-2](https://www.labroots.com/trending/earth-and-the-environment/…now-rain-2)
How can climate change impact how fast snow turns into water? This is what a recent study published in Scientific Reports hopes to address as a team of scientists investigated snow drought conditions and how this could lead to poor water quality. This study has the potential to help scientists, legislators, and the public better understand the negative impacts of climate change on water management systems and how to mitigate them.
For the study, the researchers analyzed a combination of data from historical (2006−2013) and future (2086−2093) estimates from five regions in the U.S. Pacific Northwest for rain-snow transition times. The motivation behind the study comes from a knowledge gap regarding how climate change impacts the speed of water as it transitions from snow to rain, as opposed to simply the amount of water.
In the end, the researchers found that water transit times were estimated to be an average of 18 percent higher in the late 21st century if present climate change continues. These findings indicate that higher water transit times when snow becomes rainwater could result in greater levels of water contaminants due to shallower water getting into local water supplies.
The current model of necroptosis assumes that MLKL’s N-terminal cytotoxic domain is unleashed from autoinhibition concurrent with phosphorylation by RIPK3. Here, Pan and Abbott show that inhibition of MLKL’s N terminus abolishes phosphorylation by RIPK3 whereas removal or relieving autoinhibition between the N-terminal and intermediate domains promotes its phosphorylation.
Daniel J. Drucker & team identify the vascular smooth muscle GLP-1 receptor as a key cellular target for the actions of GLP-1 medicines to lower blood pressure.
The figure: Renal GLP1R/Glp1r is expressed in human and murine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and Glp1rVSM-/- mice have reduced Glp1r transcripts in renal tissues.
1Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
2Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Address correspondence to: Daniel J. Drucker, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave. Mailbox 39, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G1X5. Phone: 416.361.2661; Email: [email protected].
Scientists build an atlas of the blood vessel in diabetes and decipher crosstalk between “foamy” phagocytes and endothelial cells, showing that TREM2 drives vessel dysfunction in peripheral artery disease.
Read more in Science TranslationalMedicine.
Diabetes-driven TREM2-endothelial cross-talk impairs vascular repair in peripheral arterial disease.
New research suggests that plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau217) can detect Alzheimer’s disease pathology years before it appears on traditional PET scans. In longitudinal studies, elevated pTau217 levels accurately predicted future amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline in currently asymptomatic, healthy older adults. While not yet recommended for routine clinical screening, this biomarker offers a potential “clock” for estimating the onset of symptoms within a three to four year margin.
Participants who were amyloid-beta-negative and had very low pTau217 (below ~2.6% in this cohort) rarely became amyloid-beta-positive, suggesting this subgroup may be low risk and might not require amyloid-beta PET until pTau217 rises, the researchers said.
Higher baseline plasma %pTau217 also predicted tau accumulation in the brain — even when amyloid levels were still low, suggesting it captures very early disease processes.
In terms of cognition, across the full cohort, higher plasma pTau217 was associated with faster decline on a composite cognitive score. However, this relationship was largely driven by individuals who already had elevated amyloid; among amyloid-negative participants, pTau217 did not significantly predict cognitive decline over the follow-up period.