Atypical intraductal proliferation is a prostate biopsy finding with morphological features intermediate between high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal carcinoma. This Review discusses histopathological features, molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes associated with AIP, and highlights the clinical implications of AIP, primarily due to the frequent association of AIP with clinically significant prostate cancer.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults, carrying an extremely poor prognosis and a median overall survival typically less than two years. Temozolomide (TMZ) is currently the only chemotherapeutic agent widely used in clinical practice. However, around 90% of cases experience tumor recurrence due to acquired resistance. How to overcome TMZ resistance remains a challenge.
In a study published in Nature Chemical Biology, Dr. Dong Peng’s team from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and collaborators from Sun Yat-sen University have discovered that TMZ treatment induces the formation of HDAC1-CTCF condensates in GBM cells. The team identified the small-molecule compound resminostat as a therapeutic agent capable of targeting these condensates.
Through three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution imaging independently developed by Dr. Dong’s team, the researchers observed a significant reduction in chromatin accessibility in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. The team characterized their 3D genomic structural features, and revealed that the decreased chromatin accessibility in resistant cells is primarily attributed to TMZ-induced formation of HDAC1-CTCF condensates, which accumulate on chromatin and restrict local accessibility.
Researchers have shown that consumer-grade 3D printers and low-cost materials can be used to produce multi-element optical components that enable super-resolution imaging, with each lens costing less than $1 to produce. The new fabrication approach is poised to broaden access to fully customizable optical parts and could enable completely new types of imaging tools.
“We created optical parts that enable imaging of life’s smallest building blocks at a remarkable level of detail,” said lead author Jay Christopher from the University of Strathclyde in the UK. “This approach opens the possibility for customized imaging systems and unlocks imaging scenarios that are traditionally either impossible or need costly glass manufacturing services.”
In the journal Biomedical Optics Express, the researchers describe their lens design and manufacturing processes, which combine 3D printing, silicone molding and a UV curable clear resin. They used lenslets fabricated with their technique to create a multifocal structured illumination microscope that imaged microtubules in a cell’s cytoskeleton with a resolution of around 150 nm.
Severe blood loss remains the primary cause of death from combat injuries. To address this challenge, a research team at KAIST that included an active duty Army Major set out to develop a faster and more reliable way to stop bleeding.
Their work led to a next-generation powder-type hemostatic agent that can halt bleeding within one second when sprayed directly onto a wound, offering a potential breakthrough for saving lives on the battlefield.
Companies support their customers using live chats and chatbots to gain their loyalty. AFAS is a Dutch company aiming to leverage the opportunity large language models (LLMs) offer to answer customer queries with minimal to no input from its customer support team. Adding to its complexity, it is unclear what makes a response correct, and that too in Dutch. Further, with minimal data available for training, the challenge is to identify whether an answer generated by a large language model is correct and do it on the fly.
This study is the first to define the correctness of a response based on how the support team at AFAS makes decisions. It leverages literature on natural language generation and automated answer grading systems to automate the decision-making of the customer support team. We investigated questions requiring a binary response (e.g., Would it be possible to adjust tax rates manually?) or instructions (e.g., How would I adjust tax rate manually?) to test how close our automated approach reaches support rating. Our approach can identify wrong messages in 55% of the cases. This work demonstrates the potential for automatically assessing when our chatbot may provide incorrect or misleading answers. Specifically, we contribute a definition and metrics for assessing correctness, and suggestions to improve correctness with respect to regional language and question type.
Here, Marco L. Davila & team recapitulate these high-grade toxicities in mice, revealing Th1-Th17 imbalance drives the co-occurrence of CRS and neutropenia; effects that could be prevented with IFNg blockade.
4Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.
5University of Florida College of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
6Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Windows 11 has been pushing AI features harder than ever over the past year, and there’s no sign of that slowing down anytime soon. From Copilot sitting in your taskbar to Recall capturing your screen, Microsoft’s AI is becoming impossible to ignore, and often impossible to remove.
If you value your privacy or just prefer a cleaner OS, a PowerShell script called Remove Windows AI is now available on GitHub. It was released by developer Zoicware and does exactly what it promises: it targets Copilot, Recall, Windows Studio Effects, and other related background services that run by default.
The script is actively maintained to ensure it can remove newly added AI components as they appear. If you find an AI feature or registry key that the script doesn’t remove, report it with details so the developer can add it in a future update.
