Shi et al show that a lactate–α-ketoglutarate metabolic circuit in tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells promotes WNT2-mediated senescence-like features in natural killer cells and disrupting this axis hinders tumor progression.
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Does your immune system learn like AI?
Could AI hold the key to answering questions that have stumped doctors and scientists for decades? A recent study at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) borrows concepts from machine learning to address an age-old riddle of immunology.
In the thymus, the immune system’s T cells are trained to avoid attacking healthy tissue through a process called negative selection. There, T cells are tested to determine whether they bind to fragments of the body’s own proteins, called self-peptides. Those that do are immediately deleted. However, each T cell encounters only a small fraction of the enormous number of self-peptides found throughout the body. So, how does the immune system learn to tolerate the rest?
“This has long been an open question in immunology,” explains CSHL Assistant Professor Hannah Meyer. “Negative selection is a crucial process, but if T cells had to test against every single one of the body’s peptides, it would take forever. So, how do they learn to avoid friendly fire? We think it’s through a process called generalization.”
If We Discover Extraterrestrial Life, What Happens Next?
The search for extraterrestrial life has evolved from philosophy to a serious scientific and national security concern, with governments and NASA actively investigating Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena. While discovering alien intelligence could spark a scientific renaissance, offering advancements in medicine, energy, and technology, it also presents unprecedented security challenges. Different levels of discovery, from biosignatures to direct contact, carry varying societal disruptions. Risks include potential hostility, information warfare through deepfakes, and complex geopolitical issues regarding ownership and control of contact. Therefore, humanity needs a global framework for verification, coordination, and resilience to manage such a monumental event. The strategic question is not merely if we are alone, but if we are truly ready for the profound implications of an answer.
Meet Zainab Nathani, the Illinois student who designed a material that can pull water from humid air using sunlight
Zainab Nathani, a high school junior from Niles, Illinois, has designed a material that can pull drinkable water straight out of humid air, powered entirely by sunlight. Studying at Niles Township West High School, she built her project around emulsion-templated composite biogels, porous, bio-based structures engineered to trap moisture from the atmosphere and release it as liquid water once warmed by natural sunlight, with no electricity or added energy required.
Dogs assess more than a person’s posture
Hugo worked it out before I did.
Synthetic Robot Training Data: The 40% Threshold Undercutting A BillionDollar Race
Research teams at Carnegie Mellon and Stanford independently found that vision-language-action robot policies trained on just 40% synthetic data matched the performance of policies trained on 100% real-world demonstrations. That result undercuts the assumption behind billions in robotics funding: that owning a massive real-world data collection fleet is the primary competitive moat.
Synthetic robot training data just cleared a bar that changes how robotics companies should be valued. Robots face a real data shortage: the physical world has produced only about 500,000 hours of high-quality robotic interaction data, while achieving baseline generalization in embodied AI is estimated to require between 1 billion and 10 billion hours, according to a 2026 industry analysis published via ANTARA. That gap is exactly why the CMU and Stanford finding matters.
Teams at CMU and Stanford independently reported 2026 results where vision-language-action models trained on 40% synthetic data matched policies trained on 100% real data on held-out tasks, according to the State of Robotics 2026 report from the Robotics Center of Silicon Valley. That finding runs against the scaling narrative borrowed from language models, where bigger and more real data has generally meant better performance. In robotics, synthetic robot training data closed most of that gap at less than half the real-world volume.
