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Category: particle physics – Page 7
Ultracold cesium atoms reveal Bethe strings predicted nearly a century ago
In 1931, physicist Hans Bethe predicted that, in certain one-dimensional quantum systems, particles can bind together to form multi-particle states known as Bethe strings. Unlike ordinary molecules, which are held together by chemical bonds, Bethe strings arise purely from interactions between particles and exist only in one dimension. For decades, Bethe strings remained primarily a theoretical concept.
Now, almost a century after Bethe’s prediction, researchers from the University of Innsbruck, in collaboration with theory teams from the Department of Experimental Physics at the University of Amsterdam and the Technical University of Munich, have created and observed these multi-particle bound states in an ultracold gas. Their findings are published in Nature Communications.
The experiment begins with a cloud of cesium atoms cooled to temperatures only a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. The researchers then divide the cloud into several thousand narrow, one-dimensional tubes. Inside these tubes, the atoms can move essentially only along a single direction. The interactions between the atoms can be precisely controlled. By tuning the interactions between the atoms from repulsive to attractive, they can make the atoms bind together. Instead of simply collapsing, the atoms form bound states of different sizes, including larger clusters containing six or more particles.
Speedy electrons for brilliant laser light: Research paves the way for compact, inexpensive free-electron lasers
Extremely short, intense light flashes are in high demand to investigate atoms, molecules and new materials. Free-electron lasers (FELs) produce these flashes. But around the world, beam time available at large-scale user facilities is in short supply, and waiting times are long.
Researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) and the Synchrotron SOLEIL near Paris have taken a crucial step along this path: For the first time, they managed to operate a laser-plasma FEL stably and reproducibly in the so-called high-gain regime—an operating state with particularly high amplification of the radiation generated.
The work is published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
CERN Detects Quantum Entanglement in Particles Born From The Higgs Boson
Something spooky has been spotted in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider.
In the cascade of debris that sprays out from high-energy collisions in the world’s most powerful particle collider, physicists have found strong evidence of a phenomenon Albert Einstein famously called “spooky action at a distance”
It’s not the first time quantum entanglement has been detected at the LHC – but this time, it’s somewhere new.
Physicists turn classical light into a quantum machine for information processing
Quantum computers promise to tackle problems that are extraordinarily difficult for today’s computers. But there is a major obstacle: quantum systems are notoriously fragile. Noise, loss and even tiny disturbances can destroy the delicate behavior that gives them their power. Building systems with many quantum particles is also extremely challenging.
Now, physicists at Louisiana State University have demonstrated a different route. Instead of starting with a fragile source of quantum light, the team begins with bright, readily available classical light and uses an optical network together with measurements that count photons one by one. This combination reveals and uses hidden multiphoton quantum behavior for information processing.
In a study published in Advanced Science, researchers in LSU’s Department of Physics & Astronomy report the first robust multiphoton quantum reservoir of its kind to operate at room temperature while tolerating substantial noise and loss. The platform accesses multiparticle systems with up to 40 photons, simulates complex quantum dynamics, and uses the same optical machine to learn several very different mathematical functions.
Helium-3 lifts new quantum computing concept with faster tunneling rates
Helium—the lightest atom that can be laser-cooled and controlled—powers a new design for high-powered, stable quantum computers.
In a paper published in PRX Quantum, a team led by University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Physics Department Associate Professor Jacob Covey outlined a new concept that could turn helium’s light weight into the next generation of quantum computers.
Once built, the computer could use high-powered lasers as “optical tweezers” to capture and control individual helium atoms, the second-lightest element overall and the lightest that can be trapped with current technology. This offers a major advance over designs based on lithium, the third-lightest element.
Unusual bonds reorganize structure and magnetism in vanadium material
While chemical bonds usually determine the structure and properties of a material, bonds between neighboring metal atoms can also change as temperature or other conditions change. These changes can lead to unusual electronic and magnetic behaviors.
A new study on Li₀.₅VS₂ shows that bonding between vanadium atoms can reorganize as the material passes through successive structural changes. The study was led by assistant professor Keita Kojima from the Graduate School of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology at Okayama University in Japan, along with professor Naoyuki Katayama from Okayama University.
The study is published in the journal Chemistry of Materials.
Noether’s theorem proof |Quantum field theory
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A cosmic particle reached Earth against all odds. Scientists think they know why
The fact that this scenario accounts for both survival and delay makes it all the more compelling.
If the findings are confirmed, they would have far-reaching implications for fundamental physics, since they suggest the universe acts as a laboratory for quantum gravity, probing energies well beyond the range of Earth’s particle accelerators.
In addition, very high-energy photons might point to new physics, hinting at the point at which Einstein’s theory starts to break down under the most extreme conditions. In the future, more gamma-ray bursts could offer further tests, enabling scientists to refine or question this developing model and possibly leading to a new frontier in our knowledge of gravity.