Inside a hunk of a material called a semimetal, scientists have uncovered signatures of bizarre particles that sometimes move like they have no mass, but at other times move just like a very massive particle.
In a new study, an international team of physicists has unified two distinct descriptions of atomic nuclei, taking a major step forward in our understanding of nuclear structure and strong interactions. For the first time, the particle physics perspective – where nuclei are seen as made up of quarks and gluons – has been combined with the traditional nuclear physics view that treats nuclei as collections of interacting nucleons (protons and neutrons). This innovative hybrid approach provides fresh insights into short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon pairs – which are fleeting interactions where two nucleons come exceptionally close and engage in strong interactions for mere femtoseconds. Although these interactions play a crucial role in the structure of nuclei, they have been notoriously difficult to describe theoretically.
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“Nuclei (such as gold and lead) are not just a ‘bag of non-interacting protons and neutrons’,” explains Fredrick Olness at Southern Methodist University in the US, who is part of the international team. “When we put 208 protons and neutrons together to make a lead nucleus, they interact via the strong interaction force with their nearest neighbours; specifically, those neighbours within a ‘short range.’ These short-range interactions/correlations modify the composition of the nucleus and are a manifestation of the strong interaction force. An improved understanding of these correlations can provide new insights into both the properties of nuclei and the strong interaction force.”
GOLDEN ROOSTER TOWN, Kaiping, China — In a granite cavern deep beneath the forested hills of southern China, workers will soon complete a 600-ton sphere that could crack open some of the deepest mysteries of modern physics.
The plexiglass sphere is the centerpiece of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory, or JUNO, a $300 million facility designed to measure neutrinos, the smallest subatomic particles known to physicists.
A recent proposal suggests that detecting gravitons, the elusive particles believed to carry gravity, may be feasible after all.
A new experimental proposal suggests detecting a particle of gravity is far easier than anyone imagined. Now physicists are debating what it would really prove.
Researchers have developed a novel method using facet-selective, ultrafine cocatalysts to efficiently split water to create hydrogen – a clean source of fuel. Scientists are urgently searching for clean fuel sources – such as hydrogen – to move towards carbon neutrality. A breakthrough for improving the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction that splits water into hydrogen has been made by a team of researchers from Tohoku University, Tokyo University of Science and Mitsubishi Materials Corporation.
“Water-splitting photocatalysts can produce hydrogen (H2) from only sunlight and water,” explains Professor Yuichi Negishi, the lead researcher of this project (Tohoku University), “However, the process hasn’t been optimized sufficiently for practical applications. If we can improve the activity, hydrogen can be harnessed for the realization of a next-generation energy society.”
The research team established a novel method that uses ultrafine rhodium (Rh)-chromium (Cr) mixed-oxide (Rh2-xCrxO3) cocatalysts (the actual reaction site and a key component to stop H2 reforming with oxygen to make water again) with a particle size of about 1 nm. Then, they are loaded crystal facet-selectively onto a photocatalyst (uses sunlight and water to speed up reactions). Previous studies have not been able to accomplish these two feats in a single reaction: a tiny cocatalyst that can also be placed on specific regions of the photocatalyst.
Most of the current atom interferometers are large instruments, occupying buildings and requiring towers that can reach tens of meters in height. Now, University of Michigan physicists have developed a design for a quantum rotation sensor with a core size that is barely visible to the human eye.
The proof-of-concept design could help bring atom interferometer-based quantum sensors out of the laboratory and into the world, according to lead author and U-M doctoral student Bineet Dash.
Scientists could use atom interferometers in quests ranging from the continual hunt for the tiny ripples in the fabric of our universe caused by gravitational waves to understanding minute, localized changes in Earth’s gravity caused by melting ice sheets in Antarctica, Dash says. But because of their size, atom interferometers are typically bound to laboratory settings. Currently, the most sensitive atom interferometers use tall towers inside buildings to shoot beams of atoms across tens of meters to gather information.
https://lnkd.in/gPGP3Q3j In this article, we propose a new Feynman’s path integral approach and extend this formalism into curved spacetime and consider its possible implications for black hole physics. While still a work in progress, this model suggests that black holes, rather than representing the final stages of gravitational collapse, might contribute to the formation of new universes. We carefully examine both Schwarzschild and Kerr metric of rotating and non-rotating black holes. We derived that rotating black hole will create a traversable worm hole without exotic particles and non-rotating back hole will create another universe by interpretation of path integral finally. We proposed the way how to create the wormhole between two interstellar space using qubits. This proved ER=EPR. John Preskill Dear Professor Preskill Please help me check it Sir.
NASA plans to send crewed missions to Mars over the next decade—but the 140 million-mile (225 million-kilometer) journey to the red planet could take several months to years round trip.
This relatively long transit time is a result of the use of traditional chemical rocket fuel. An alternative technology to the chemically propelled rockets the agency develops now is called nuclear thermal propulsion, which uses nuclear fission and could one day power a rocket that makes the trip in just half the time.
Nuclear fission involves harvesting the incredible amount of energy released when an atom is split by a neutron. This reaction is known as a fission reaction. Fission technology is well established in power generation and nuclear-powered submarines, and its application to drive or power a rocket could one day give NASA a faster, more powerful alternative to chemically driven rockets.
The BASE experiment aims to answer this question by precisely measuring the properties of antiprotons, such as their intrinsic magnetic moment, and then comparing these measurements with those taken with protons. However, the precision the experiment can achieve is limited by its location.
“The accelerator equipment in the AD hall generates magnetic field fluctuations that limit how far we can push our precision measurements,” said BASE spokesperson Stefan Ulmer. “If we want to get an even deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of antiprotons, we need to move out.”
This is where BASE-STEP comes in. The goal is to trap antiprotons and then transfer them to a facility where scientists can study them with a greater precision. To be able to do this, they need a device that is small enough to be loaded onto a truck and can resist the bumps and vibrations that are inevitable during ground transport.
The AI system is dubbed a “quantum-tunneling deep neural network” and combines neural networks with quantum tunneling. A deep neural network is a collection of machine learning algorithms inspired by the structure and function of the brain — with multiple layers of nodes between the input and output. It can model complex non-linear relationships and, unlike conventional neural networks (which include a single layer between input and output) deep neural networks include many hidden layers.
Quantum tunneling, meanwhile, occurs when a subatomic particle, such as an electron or photon (particle of light), effectively passes through an impenetrable barrier. Because a subatomic particle like light can also behave as a wave — when it is not directly observed it is not in any fixed location — it has a small but finite probability of being on the other side of the barrier. When sufficient subatomic particles are present, some will “tunnel” through the barrier.
After the data representing the optical illusion passes through the quantum tunneling stage, the slightly altered image is processed by a deep neural network.
