Axions—theorized particles that could account for dark matter—could accumulate around rapidly rotating neutron stars to the point that they become detectable.
From subatomic particles to complex molecules, quantum systems hold the key to understanding how the universe works. But there’s a catch: when you try to model these systems, that complexity quickly spirals out of control—just imagine trying to predict the behavior of a massive crowd of people where everyone is constantly influencing everyone else. Turn those people into quantum particles, and you are now facing a “quantum many-body problem.”
In their previous research, Mak and his colleagues engineered a highly tunable moiré Kondo lattice system based on MoTe2/WSe2 moiré bilayers. This material offers a unique opportunity to examine the Kondo destruction transition in a continuous manner, which has proved highly challenging in bulk heavy fermion materials.
“With this background, our Nature Physics paper studied the fate of the heavy fermions by continuously tuning the density of the itinerant carriers in the system, which tunes the effective Kondo coupling strength,” said Mak. “Near a critical density, we observed a destruction of the heavy fermions and the simultaneous emergence of a ferromagnetic Anderson insulator.”
As part of their new study, the researchers examined the Kondo lattice physics emerging in the moiré semiconductor: angle-aligned MoTe2/WSe2 heterobilayer presented in their previous paper. Their results highlight the promise of moiré Kondo lattices for studying the Kondo destruction transition using a tunable platform, as well as the possibility of realizing other exotic states of matter near such transition.
When driving though a bank of fog, car headlights are only of limited help as the light is scattered by the water particles suspended in the air. The situation is similar when you try to observe the inside of a drop of milk in water or the internal structure of an opal gem with the help of white light. In all these cases, multiple light scattering effects prevent examination of the interior.
First coherent picture of an atomic nucleus made of quarks and gluons.
For the first time, quarks and gluons were used to describe properties of atomic nuclei, which until now had been explained by the existence of protons and neutrons. The temporary pair of correlated nucleons is highlighted in purple. (Source: IFJ PAN)
The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to reproduce all the properties of atomic nuclei hitherto observed in nuclear experiments using only quarks and gluons. However, it is only now that physicists, including those from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow, have succeeded in doing this.
Twesh Upadhyaya, William F. Braasch, Jr., Gabriel T. Landi, and Nicole Yunger Halpern PRX Quantum 5, 030355 – Published 23 September 2024 https://journals.aps.org/prxquantum/abstract/10.1103/PRXQuantum.5.
As an ice cube melts in water, the heat exchange d by the two produces disorder. Imagine measuring the heat flow while the ice melts in each of many trials. From the measurement results, one can compute the disorder generated in each trial—the stochastic entropy production (SEP). The SEP is well understood in the case of two classical systems interacting; there is one widely accepted SEP definition that can be expressed equivalently via three formulas. But the situation is far murkier for quantum analogues, such as two atoms exchanging components of spin.
Generalizing the three SEP formulas to accommodate quantum systems, we prove that quantum effects render the three SEP formulas inequivalent. Each formula reasonably quantifies entropy production and highlights a different aspect of the underlying physics. The inequivalence of the formulas stems from the inability to simultaneously measure the exchange d quantities of the quantum systems, i.e., the uncertainty principle. This quantumness leads to negative and even nonreal entropy production. Though unusual, these entropy values herald notable physical phenomena. A negative entropy production signals superposition in the thermal initial states of the quantum systems. An imaginary entropy production witnesses contextuality, a precise notion of nonclassicality.
A quantum degeneracy named after a Chinese yo-yo boosts the magnetization lifetime of a short chain of magnetic iron atoms by a factor of 1000.
Overlapping two 3D lattices with a relative twist opens the door to synthesizing crystals with diverse symmetries that showcase nontrivial band structures and novel properties.
When two identical periodic lattices overlap in space, with one twisted at an angle relative to the other, they form moiré lattices. The best-known examples are formed from stacked and rotated 2D sheets. These structures can possess fascinating properties not seen in their component layers. Twisted bilayer graphene, for example, can exhibit superconductor and Mott insulator behavior [1, 2]. Ce Wang of Tongji University in China and his colleagues now propose how to construct a 3D moiré lattice using two cubic optical lattices hosting ultracold atoms [3]. The researchers mathematically describe how two simple periodic structures, twisted relative to each other, can lead to 3D optical moiré patterns (Fig. 1). The result is a crystal-like structure with emergent properties that differ from those of the underlying simple lattices.
The second ATLAS study, presented recently at the 17th International Workshop on Top Quark Physics, broke new ground by providing the first dedicated ATLAS measurement of how often top-quark pairs are produced along with jets originating from charm quarks (c-jets).
ATLAS physicists analyzed events with one or two leptons (electrons and muons), using a custom flavor-tagging algorithm developed specifically for this study to distinguish c-jets from b-jets and other jets. This algorithm was essential because c-jets are even more challenging to identify than b-jets, as they have shorter lifetimes and produce less distinct signatures in the ATLAS detector.
The study found that most theoretical models provided reasonable agreement with the data, though they generally underpredicted the production rates of c-jets. These results, which for the first time separately determined the cross-sections for single and multiple charm-quark production in top-quark-pair events, highlight the need for refined simulations of these processes to improve future measurements.
In a particle collider at CERN, a rarely-seen event is bringing us tantalizingly close to the brink of new physics.
From years of running what is known as the NA62 experiment, particle physicist Cristina Lazzeroni of the University of Birmingham in the UK and her colleagues have now established, experimentally observed, and measured the decay of a charged kaon particle into a charged pion and a neutrino-antineutrino pair. The researchers have presented their findings at a CERN seminar.
It’s exciting stuff. The reason the team has been pursuing this very specific kind of decay channel so relentlessly for more than a decade is because it’s what is known as a “golden” channel, meaning not only is it incredibly rare, but also well predicted by the complex mathematics making up the Standard Model of physics.
