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Category: particle physics – Page 14

Ferroelectric material that’s stable at near-atomic thickness reveals new route to low-power electronics

Electronics engineers worldwide have been trying to develop increasingly smaller components that can store and process information while consuming less energy. Ferroelectric materials, which possess spontaneous electrical polarization that can be reversed by an externally applied electric field, have proved promising for the development of denser, more energy-efficient memories and other miniaturized electronic components.

Despite their potential, shrinking these materials to produce ultrathin films that are just a few atoms thick often alters some of their properties and characteristics. Specifically, their internal polarization can become unstable at these scales, and switching it often requires relatively high voltages.

Researchers at Westlake University and Zhejiang University recently showed that gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) could become ferroelectric at near-atomic thickness, retain stable polarization and switch between its polarization states at a relatively low voltage of 0.8 volts. Their paper, published in Nature Electronics, highlights the potential of this material for the development of compact, nonvolatile memories, small sensors and other low-power electronic components.

Scientists discover a strange new form of ice that could help explain the interiors of Neptune and Uranus

Scientists have discovered that there is ice deep inside planets like Neptune and Uranus and want to find out what form it takes and how it behaves. They cannot dig for it and transport it all the way back to Earth, so they do the next best thing: recreate those extreme conditions in the lab.

That’s exactly what a team of scientists led by Alexis Forestier from the CEA, France’s Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, did. What they discovered could help us better understand the strange magnetic fields and deep interior layers of these distant worlds.

The weird world of hot ice On those planets, ice is not like the frozen cubes you put into a cold drink. It enters a weird state known as superionic ice because of the immense heat and pressure it is under. In this exotic phase, oxygen atoms lock into a solid grid while hydrogen nuclei flow freely through it like a liquid, allowing it to conduct electricity. Scientists already knew this hot, conducting ice existed, but they did not know what specific crystal shapes it formed.

Tightly guided atoms could enable low power quantum navigation when GPS fails

Within tiny halos of light clinging to a vanishingly thin wisp of optical fiber, scientist Jongmin Lee guides atoms like marbles through a narrow pipe. Rock the fiber and the atoms shift side by side; they just don’t fall off. But don’t be deceived by the seemingly delicate nature of his experiment. Lee is exploring how to measure motion precisely in rough-and-tumble environments.

A quantum sensing scientist at Sandia National Laboratories, Lee is an expert in a type of motion sensor called an atom interferometer. In a lab, this device uses quantum mechanics to obtain exquisitely accurate measurements. Lee and his team are working toward building an extremely small, low-power version for field use—small enough to fit on a specialized type of microchip called a photonic integrated circuit.

Their latest results were published in the journal AVS Quantum Science, where the team reported trapping cesium atoms on a fiber only 420 nanometers in diameter with just 5 milliwatts of optical power—about 2,000 times less power than an LED bulb uses. With just 150 nanowatts, the researchers can also take measurements that mimic atom interferometry.

Physicists extend the search for quantum black holes at the LHC

Physicists at UC Santa Barbara have extended the search for evidence of microscopic black holes produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The formation of these tiny, fleeting objects at the LHC represents one way theorists have sought to resolve anomalies in our understanding of the basic structure of spacetime, while the method used to look for them demonstrates a new way of searching for new particles.

“Had we found evidence, we could have begun to directly study quantum gravity,” said Tamas Vami, a researcher in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment who is conducting his postdoctoral work under the guidance of UCSB physics professor Joe Incandela. “It’s a step toward unifying all of the known fundamental forces, which has been a goal of physicists for more than a century.”

But a null result does not make for a fruitless search, said Incandela Lab graduate student researcher Danyi Zhang. Quite the opposite.

Stacked 2D materials reveal room-temperature multiferroicity and voltage-controlled magnetism

Multiferroics are materials that simultaneously exhibit two or more ferroic orders—stable arrangements of physical properties that can be switched using an external stimulus. These materials could be highly advantageous for the development of various technologies, including non-volatile, low-power memory devices, spintronic devices, miniaturized electronics, neuromorphic hardware, sensors and magnetoelectric devices.

The key advantage of multiferroics is that their different ferroic orders can be coupled, for instance allowing engineers to alter magnetic behavior using an electric voltage. Despite their promise, synthesizing multiferroics that are stable, ultrathin and controllable at room temperature has so far proved challenging.

Researchers at the University of Maryland and other institutes recently demonstrated an approach for creating van der Waals heterostructures that exhibit multiferroicity at room temperature.

Lost quantum traces could reveal dark matter at the Large Hadron Collider

Particle collisions are inherently quantum, but much of that character is lost when we turn them into classical data. Sarah Alam Malik explores whether preserving more of it could help us spot signs of dark matter and other new physics

Real-time quantum jump in sound observed for first time

A Stanford team has documented the first direct observation of quantum jumps of sound in a mechanical resonator, completing an arc of scientific exploration that started more than 100 years ago.

Quantum jumps—sudden transitions from one energy state to another—have been theorized since the early 1900s. Scientists first demonstrated these jumps in trapped ions in 1986 and later in photons, the fundamental particles of light, in 2007. Observing quantum jumps of sound had remained elusive, but a team led by Stanford physicist Amir Safavi-Naeini has recorded these phenomena, publishing the findings in the journal Science.

“What this study shows will allow us to move forward with developing new quantum technologies with sound,” said Safavi-Naeini, associate professor of applied physics in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “We have seen that vibrating objects can exhibit quantum behavior, which is the prerequisite for many of the operations needed by quantum computing and sensing.”

What kills Schrödinger’s cat? Underground experiment rules out gravity model for quantum decoherence

Somewhere between the microscopic realm of elementary particles and the macroscopic world of human beings, something strange happens: The rules of quantum physics, which work so exquisitely for tiny atoms, seem to lose their grip as objects grow larger. Pondering where and how this shift from small-scale quantum fuzziness to everyday sharp certainty happens gives rise to thought-experiment oddities like Schrödinger’s famous dead-and-alive cat. The process by which quantum phenomena like superposition—the paradoxical affliction of Schrödinger’s cat—fade into the classical reality we experience is known as decoherence.

Now, a new experiment has narrowed the field of possible explanations for decoherence, in particular ruling out a prominent theory linking gravity to the process. The results appeared in a paper in the New Journal of Physics in June 2026.

“One of the deepest questions in modern physics is why the strange quantum behavior that governs atoms and elementary particles seems to disappear in the macroscopic world we experience every day,” says FQxI member Catalina Curceanu, director of research and spokesperson for the VIP Collaboration at the National Laboratory of Frascati of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNF) in Italy.

Is dark matter ‘natural?’ Physicist puts the question to the test

Dark matter is one of the oldest open problems in physics. It makes up most of the matter in the universe and shapes how galaxies form and move, yet no one has ever directly detected it. Physicists have proposed dozens of candidates to explain it: exotic new particles, black holes formed moments after the Big Bang and more.

With no direct detection to settle the question, researchers often fall back on a different test: not “is this candidate detected,” but “is this candidate natural?”

Naturalness is physics’ version of Occam’s razor. A theory is called natural if it explains the universe we see without requiring its underlying numbers to be delicately, almost implausibly, fine-tuned. A theory that only works if several unrelated quantities happen to cancel out to many decimal places is treated with suspicion, even if it isn’t strictly ruled out.