PH is a critical regulator of (bio)chemical processes and therefore tightly regulated in nature. Now, proteins have been shown to possess the functionality to drive pH gradients without requiring energy input or membrane enclosure but through condensation. Protein condensates can drive unique pH gradients that modulate biochemical activity in both living and artificial systems.
This was a multicenter international retrospective observational study (63 sites from 16 countries; Figure S1) that included patients presenting to an acute care hospital and diagnosed with CAD without concomitant major trauma. We identified adult patients aged ≥18 years with CAD based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes (443.21 and 443.24),8,9 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes (I77.71, I77.74, and I77.75),10 or from institutional registries. These codes have been used or validated in prior studies.8–10
The patients’ vascular neuroimaging studies were reviewed by site principal investigators, and only those with clinical suspicion for CAD and imaging confirmation were included. Imaging confirmation required the presence of at least one of the following imaging features: crescent-shaped hyperintensity in the vessel wall indicating an intramural hematoma; a double lumen sign; the presence of a dissecting pseudoaneurysm, intimal flap, or vessel irregularity; or flame-shaped or tapering stenosis or occlusion of the artery at a typical dissection site and without evidence of atherosclerotic changes. Imaging reports, when available, were reviewed by neurologists at the lead site to confirm a dissection diagnosis.
We excluded patients with incidental chronic dissection, those with major head or neck trauma within the previous 4 weeks (eg, causing skull or cervical fractures or hemorrhage), those with a dissecting aneurysm causing primary subarachnoid hemorrhage, and those with iatrogenic dissection.
A research team, affiliated with UNIST, has unveiled a flexible photodetector, capable of converting light across a broad spectrum—from visible to near-infrared—into electrical signals. This innovation promises significant advancements in technologies that require simultaneous detection of object colors and internal structures or materials.
Led by Professor Changduk Yang from the Department of Energy & Chemical Engineering, the research team developed perovskite-organic heterojunction photodetectors (POH-PDs) that combine high sensitivity with exceptional accuracy in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The findings have been published in Advanced Functional Materials.
Photodetectors are essential components in numerous applications, including smartphone displays that automatically adjust brightness and security systems that utilize vein recognition.
Now online! Structural steps along the assembly of proteasome storage granules—membraneless organelles that form in response to metabolic shifts in yeast—are visualized inside cells by cryo-electron tomography. Inactive 26S proteasomes oligomerize into trimers, which assemble into paracrystalline arrays that serve as reservoirs of fully assembled proteasomes under conditions of low energy, ready for reactivation when glucose is restored.
The study, published in Cell Metabolism, builds on previous research showing that some gliomas can be slowed down through the patient’s diet. If a patient isn’t consuming certain protein building blocks, called amino acids, then some tumors are unable to grow. However, other tumors can produce these amino acids for themselves, and can continue growing anyway. Until now, there was no easy way to tell which patients would benefit from dietary restrictions.
The digital twin’s ability to map metabolic activity in tumors also helped determine whether a drug that prevents tumors from producing a building block for replicating and repairing DNA would work, as some cells can obtain that molecule from their environments.
To overcome challenges in mapping tumor metabolism inside the brain, the team developed a computer-based “digital twin” that can predict how an individual patient’s brain tumor will react to each treatment.
“Typically, metabolic measurements during surgeries to remove tumors can’t provide a clear picture of tumor metabolism—surgeons can’t observe how metabolism varies with time, and labs are limited to studying tissues after surgery. By integrating limited patient data into a model based on fundamental biology, chemistry and physics, we overcame these obstacles,” said a co-corresponding author of the study.
The digital twin uses patient data obtained through blood draws, metabolic measurements of the tumor tissue and the tumor’s genetic profile. The digital twin then calculates the speed at which the cancer cells consume and process nutrients, known as metabolic flux.
“This is the first time a machine learning and AI-based approach has been used to measure metabolic flux directly in patient tumors,” said a co-first author of the study.
The researchers built a type of deep learning model called a convolutional neural network and trained it on synthetic patient data, generated based on known biology and chemistry and constrained by measurements from eight patients with glioma who were infused with labeled glucose during surgery. By comparing their computer models with different data from six of those patients, they found the digital twins could predict metabolic activity with high accuracy. In experiments conducted on mice, the team confirmed that the diet only slowed tumor growth in mice that the digital twin had identified as good candidates for the treatment.
The nurse dimmed the lights and checked the drip, a quiet beep keeping time in the corner of the oncology ward. On the bed, a young man in a faded band T‑shirt scrolled his phone, pretending not to notice his mother’s eyes darting between the monitor and the doctor at the door. Cancer, once again, was a ghost in the room – everywhere and nowhere, invisible yet controlling every breath.
The doctor took a breath of his own before speaking. This time, he said, they had something different. Not a bigger hammer. A smarter trick.
A way to make the ghost show its face.
The cycling of water within Earth’s interior regulates plate tectonics, volcanism, ocean volume, and climate stability, making it central to the planet’s long-term evolution and habitability and a key scientific question. While subducting slabs are known to transport water into the mantle, scientists have long assumed that most hydrous minerals dehydrate at high temperatures, releasing fluids as they descend.
Whether water can survive the extreme conditions of the deep lower mantle, however, has remained an open question.
These mini brain organoids resemble the developing cortex — the area of our brains that think, feel and store memories.
This advancement will help us learn more about conditions like dementia, but what if we go too far and they become conscious?
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