This study reveals two populations of cartilage stem cells in both human and mouse growth plates, reshaping our understanding of longitudinal growth.
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Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodevelopment and neurodevelopmental disorders
Mitochondria make essential contributions to neural development. Zhao and colleagues provide an overview of the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, degradation, remodelling and transport, the importance of these processes for neural development and the proposed links between altered mitochondrial dynamics and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Is AI Conscious?
Anil Seth is one of most important and influential neuroscientists of consciousness in the present moment. He’s also a great friend. We’ve learnt so much for our public and private interactions. I think this is our fourth public interaction, but it was also the first that was just the two of us. This conversation surprised me and stimulated my thinking for a long time afterwards. There is a small problem I mention in the intro, but I hope you can see past that. Enjoy, and please let me know your thoughts!
Come and see me in discussion with William Lane Craig, Jessica Frazier, and Joe Folley 1st May in the Royal Institution Theatre in London. https://www.thepanpsycast.com/reserve… book “Why? The Purpose of the Universe” is now out in paperback: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Why-Purpose–… Please subscribe and support my public work financially if you’re able. / philipgoffphilosophy.
My book “Why? The Purpose of the Universe” is now out in paperback: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Why-Purpose–…
Please subscribe and support my public work financially if you’re able. / philipgoffphilosophy.
Stephen Hawking’s black hole information paradox could be solved — if the universe has 7 dimensions
The new research explores a universe with more dimensions than the familiar four. In this framework, the cosmos contains seven dimensions, three of which are compact and invisible at everyday scales.
“We experience three dimensions of space and one of time — four dimensions in total,” Pinčák said. “Our model proposes that the universe actually has seven dimensions: the four we know, plus three tiny extra dimensions curled up so tightly that we cannot directly perceive them.”
These extra dimensions are arranged in a highly symmetrical structure known as a G₂ geometry. This mathematical framework, often explored in advanced theories such as a version of string theory known as M-theory, determines how the hidden dimensions are “folded.”
CT and MRI LI-RADS Treatment Response Assessment 2024: Core Concepts for Clinical Practice
Post-treatment HCC imaging just got clearer. The updated 2024 LI-RADS TR algorithm refines criteria for radiation vs non-radiation therapies and adds MRI features to better detect viable tumor, key for accurate response assessment and management.
Multiple locoregional therapies are available for HCC, with imaging findings specific to each modality. The updated 2024 CT and MRI LI-RADS TR assessment criteria provided distinct algorithms for use after nonradiation or radiation-based therapies, simplified the definition of viable disease, and incorporated MRI ancillary features to enhance detection of tumor viability. These updated criteria can improve diagnostic accuracy, resulting in more effective clinical management of HCC.
Confirmed precursor to commonest form of esophageal cancer offers opportunities to catch the disease early
Scientists have found the strongest evidence to date that a condition known as Barrett’s esophagus is the starting point for all cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma—the most common type of esophageal cancer in the developed world—even when telltale signs of this pre-cancerous stage are no longer visible. The findings, published in Nature Medicine, could help improve screening for and early detection of esophageal cancer, the sixth-most deadly cancer, helping improve outcomes for the disease.
Cancer of the esophagus, including its most common form, esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), is on the rise in Western countries. It is difficult to treat because it is often caught at an advanced stage, when treatment options are limited. Scientists and doctors have known for some time that the development of esophageal cancer is linked with Barrett’s esophagus, which shows up in endoscopy as a pink patch on the surface of the esophagus. Barrett’s esophagus affects around one out of every 100 to 200 people in the United Kingdom.
Between three and 13 people out of 100 with Barrett’s esophagus will go on to develop esophageal adenocarcinoma in their lifetime. However, around half of OAC patients have no detectable Barrett’s esophagus when their cancer is found, raising doubts about whether it is always the precursor.
Abstract: Offering a topical strategy in skin cancer
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI189044 Brian C. Capell & team identify the epigenetic regulator LSD1 as critical for epidermal development and find its inhibition suppresses tumors in two cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma mouse models by promoting immunosurveillance.
The image shows immunofluorescence from mice lacking LSD1 in the skin, revealing profound activation of cutaneous retinoid signaling (as measured by CRABP2 levels in green); keratin 14 (red); nuclei (blue).
1Department of Dermatology and.
2Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
3Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
10 Terrifying Theories About What Exists Outside The Universe
All right, let’s go. Number 10, the infinite bubble bath.
In 1980, physicist Alan Guth proposed a theory that solved several major problems in cosmology at once. His idea, called cosmic inflation, suggested that in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang, the universe expanded faster than the speed of light, doubling in size repeatedly until it became the cosmos we observe today.