Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
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Question Can an electrocardiography (ECG)–based artificial intelligence risk estimator for hypertension (AIRE-HTN) predict incident hypertension and stratify risk for incident hypertension-associated adverse events?

Findings In this prognostic study including an ECG algorithm trained on 189 539 patients at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and externally validated on 65 610 patients from UK Biobank, AIRE-HTN predicted incident hypertension and stratified risk for cardiovascular death, heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and chronic kidney disease.

Meaning Results suggest that AIRE-HTN can predict the development of hypertension and may identify at-risk patients for enhanced surveillance.

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Is the progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. In this Primer, Romagnani et al. describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease, and summarize its diagnosis and management, explaining how understanding and treating all modifiable risk factors can slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and prevent or attenuate its consequences.

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Geologically, Mars is very reminiscent of the moon. But it also looks a lot like the Earth. It all depends on who you ask.

Current understanding of Mars’ evolution is based on spacecraft measurements and meteorite analysis. Those meteorites were ejected from Mars and traversed space before landing on Earth, where they were discovered primarily in African deserts and Antarctica. They come in two categories: shergottites and nakhlites. Each paints a distinctly different picture of Mars’ geologic history.

In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, LLNL researchers argue that samples retrieved from known locations on Mars by sample return missions could solve this conundrum.

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Physical fitness is typically associated with health benefits, and we generally consider exercise good. Many studies have shown that this relates to cancer, where exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of developing cancer. Studies have shown that obesity raises the risk of mortality in cancer patients.

Data recently published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine suggests that staying fit could reduce the risk of dying from cancer. The study looked at two different readouts for fitness: muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

The researchers undertook a comprehensive review and meta-analysis by examining peer-reviewed studies published before August 2023. The analysis included 42 studies encompassing over 46,000 patients.

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Ancient viruses are embedded everywhere in the human genome. Estimates range, but it’s thought that about eight percent of the human genome could be made up of these ancient retroviruses, which are also known as transposable elements. It’s thought that the action of many of of these sequences has stopped, though some research has shown they may still affect human biology. And now, scientists have shown that transposable elements also play crucial roles in the development of human embryos. The findings have been reported in Cell.

There are transposable elements in the human genome that are active in the earliest stages of human embryo development, when there is significant molecular flexibility and plasticity. But the regulation of that plasticity is unclear.

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The expression of genes has to be carefully regulated in cells; active genes give cells their identity and ability to function. Epigenetic features are just one way that cells control gene expression, and they do so without altering the sequence of genes. These may involve chemical groups like methyl tags that adorn DNA, or structural characteristics that relate to proteins that organize DNA. But scientists have also been learning about how epigenetics affect RNA. New findings on a balancing act in epigenetics, which works on DNA and RNA, have been reported in Cell.

When genes are expressed, they are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. The cell can then translate those mRNA molecules into proteins, which carry out a variety of functions. Scientists have identified an epigenetic mechanism that seems to balance gene expression. One facet of the mechanism can promote the transcription and organization of genes, while the other causes mRNA transcripts to lose stability, and can adjust how those transcripts are used. This work has shown that DNA and RNA epigenetics may be more closely linked than known.

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A recent study from the University of California San Diego School of Medicine has provided fresh insight into the potential benefits of time-restricted feeding in managing these circadian disruptions.

This approach, which involves eating within a specific daily window, could offer a novel way to address Alzheimer’s symptoms and possibly alter the course of the disease itself. The findings challenge traditional perspectives on the disorder, shifting attention to the importance of daily eating habits.

The circadian rhythm functions as the body’s internal biological clock, regulating numerous physiological processes, including the sleep-wake cycle. Disruptions to this rhythm are particularly common among Alzheimer’s patients, with recent estimates suggesting that up to 80% experience these disturbances. These disruptions not only interfere with sleep but also contribute to increased cognitive impairment, particularly during nighttime hours.

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