đ Q: How will SpaceX reduce launch costs for space data centers?
A: SpaceX plans to build a lunar mass driver that will launch massive data centers into deep space at lower cost than using Starship rockets, with the mass driver eventually becoming the cheaper and more efficient method after initial Starship-based launches establish the infrastructure.
đ Q: What facilities will SpaceX build on the lunar base?
đč Q: What specific cost advantages does SPARC offer beyond eliminating underwriting fees? A: SPARC reduces friction, cost, and time by bypassing the traditional investment banking process entirely, eliminating promotional fees and creating a cleaner, more transparent process than traditional SPACs.
đč Q: How would Tesla shareholders get early access to SpaceX shares through SPARC? A: Tesla shareholders would receive special rights to acquire SpaceX shares at the IPO price before the public, potentially through warrants at a discounted price, allowing them to benefit from SpaceXâs future growth.
đč Q: What advantage does SPARC provide Tesla investors over traditional IPO allocation? A: SPARC enables more equitable allocation of SpaceX shares to Tesla investors, avoiding the traditional gated process that benefits Wall Street bankersâ friends and their preferred clients.
đč Q: How could SpaceX share access impact Teslaâs stock price? A: The SPARC structure allowing Tesla shareholders to receive warrants for SpaceX shares at discounted prices could potentially boost Teslaâs stock price by providing unique value to existing shareholders.
Pricing Control.
đč Q: Who controls pricing in SPARC versus traditional IPO? A: SPARC allows the public to set the price rather than banker control, giving SpaceX more control over pricing decisions compared to traditional IPO where investment banks determine valuation.
A possible new treatment for impaired brain blood flow and related dementias is on the horizon. Research by scientists at the University of Vermont Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine provides novel insights into the mechanisms that regulate brain blood flow and highlights a potential therapeutic strategy to correct vascular dysfunction.
Their preclinical findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggest that adding a missing phospholipid back into a personâs circulatory system could restore normal brain blood flow and reduce symptoms of dementia.
âThis discovery is a huge step forward in our efforts to prevent dementia and neurovascular diseases,â says principal investigator Osama Harraz, Ph.D., assistant professor of pharmacology at Larner College of Medicine.
A previously unrecognized estrogen-dependent signaling pathway in the gut regulates visceral pain sensitivity in mice, according to a new Science study. The findings provide a pathway toward targeted therapeutic strategies.
Learn more in a new Science Perspective.
Estrogen tunes a cross-talk between hormone-secreting cells in the mouse gut to regulate visceral pain.
Amélie Joly and Irene Miguel-Aliaga Authors Info & Affiliations
Science
Vol 390, Issue 6779
Copyright © 2025 Science Tech Updates â Keep up-to-date with latest science, astronomy and medical news and research.
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Chao Wan & team show the mechanism by which gamma delta T cells mediate radioresistance, highlighting IL-17 signaling & CCL20 as potential targets for enhancing radiosensitivity:
The figure reflects tumor growth and survival for lung cancer-bearing mice.
1Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College and.
2Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
3Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China.
Uranus and Neptune may not be the icy worlds weâve long imagined. A new Swiss-led study uses innovative hybrid modeling to reveal that these planets could just as easily be dominated by rock as by water-rich ices. The findings also help explain their bizarre, multi-poled magnetic fields and open the door to a wider range of possible interior structures. But major uncertainties remain, and only future space missions will The Solar System is commonly grouped by planetary composition: four rocky terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars), two massive gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and a pair of ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). However, new research from a scientific team at the University of Zurich (UZH) suggests that Uranus and Neptune may contain far more rock than previously assumed. The study does not argue that these planets must be either water-rich or rock-rich. Instead, it questions the long-standing idea that an ice-heavy interior is the only conclusion supported by available data. This broader interpretation also aligns with the finding that Pluto, a dwarf planet, is dominated by rock.
To better understand what lies inside Uranus and Neptune, the researchers created a specialized simulation technique. âThe ice giant classification is oversimplified as Uranus and Neptune are still poorly understood,â says Luca Morf, PhD student at the University of Zurich and lead author of the work. âModels based on physics were too assumption-heavy, while empirical models are too simplistic. We combined both approaches to get interior models that are both âagnosticâ or unbiased and yet, are physically consistent.â
The process begins with a randomly generated density profile representing the interior of each planet. The team then determines the gravitational field that would match observational measurements and uses that information to infer the possible composition. The cycle is repeated until the model best fits all available data.