This study aimed to explore the alleviating effects of fisetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on ovarian dysfunction in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mouse model, as well as the underlying mechanisms, using both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mice were subcutaneously injected with D-gal (100 mg/kg/day) for 60 days to establish the ovarian aging model; during the final 30 days, fisetin (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day) was given orally. In addition, a senescent model of granulosa cell (GC) was established using D-gal and treated with fisetin. Fisetin supplementation improved ovarian endocrine function and reproductive capacity in aging mice, as reflected by regularized estrous cycles, elevated estradiol levels, and increased embryo numbers. Furthermore, fisetin reduced the number of atretic follicles and the extent of ovarian fibrosis and senescence, while simultaneously restoring the proliferation-apoptosis balance in follicular GCs, as well as alleviating oxidative stress. RNA-sequencing revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mitophagy were involved in the protective effects of fisetin against ovarian aging. Consistently, fisetin treatment promoted mitophagy, accompanied by AMPK/mTOR activation in ovarian tissues and GCs following D-gal exposure. Inhibition of AMPK attenuated the effect of fisetin on mitophagy. Additionally, blockage of mitophagy also reversed the beneficial effects of fisetin on mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and cellular senescence in D-gal-induced senescent GCs. These findings indicate that fisetin prevents ovarian aging by suppressing follicular GC oxidative damage and ameliorating cell cycle arrest via activation of AMPK/mTOR-mediated mitophagy, thereby preserving female fertility.
Researchers develop LinCx, a biological “wire” that creates precision electrical bypasses in the brain to restore function without drugs or external stimulation.
The relationship between sleep and disease suggests that there exists a connection between the brain and the body that extends beyond merely influencing the brain itself.
Among brain-related disorders, short sleep was significantly associated with depressive episodes and anxiety disorders, as seen in other studies of sleep and mental health. Short sleep was also associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart arrhythmias.
Short and long sleep were associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and a cluster of digestive disorders, including gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
As humans and other animals experience new things, their brains continuously update their memory of past events. These updates allow them to adapt to changing environments, all while preserving older memories that could still help them to make decisions in some situations.
Many past neuroscience studies have investigated the neural circuits involved in the encoding and retrieval of memories. However, the mechanisms via which it decides whether to retrieve older or newly updated memories remain poorly understood.
Researchers at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) recently carried out a study involving mice that was aimed at better understanding how the brain switches between older and newer memories.
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What if gravity is just entropy in disguise? Professor Erik Verlinde joins me to argue that gravity isn’t a fundamental force—it’s thermodynamic, emerging from quantum information the way gas pressure emerges from molecules bouncing around. We explore why spacetime may be stitched together by entanglement, and how dark energy and dark matter both pop out automatically without extra particles or parameters. Verlinde explains why the cosmological constant problem is a red herring, and why there may be no final theory of physics. When asked where the universe comes from, his answer is one word: chaos.
Guests do not pay to appear. Theories of Everything receives revenue solely from viewer donations, platform ads, and clearly labelled sponsors; no guest or associated entity has ever given compensation, directly or through intermediaries. #science.
TIMESTAMPS: 00:00:00 — Thermodynamic Gravity and Information 00:06:35 — Beyond Effective Field Theory 00:13:08 — Turtles All The Way Down 00:25:41 — Entropy as a Force 00:36:31 — Entanglement and Spatial Connectivity 00:47:31 — Deriving Inertia and F=ma 00:56:41 — De Sitter Space Challenges 01:02:01 — Dark Matter and Milgram 01:11:51 — The Emergence of Time 01:21:01 — Statistical Gravity Fluctuations 01:27:01 — Quantum Computational Complexity 01:36:01 — Physics Intuition and Mentorship 01:47:31 — Beauty, Garbage, and Chaos.
By tracking the brain activity of volunteers estimating the duration of flashing lights, scientists have uncovered the sequential neural pathway that allows us to experience the passage of time.
Two experimental drug molecules promoted myelin repair in MS disease models, pointing toward a possible future route for treating nerve damage rather than only suppressing inflammation.
