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Category: genetics – Page 6

Epigenetic Skin Aging and Its Reversal to Improve Skin Longevity across Ethnicities and Phototypes Using a Dihydromyricetin-Containing Serum: Results from a Prospective, Single-Cohort Study — Dermatology and Therapy

Skin aging is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Epigenetic alterations are one primary hallmark of aging and powerful biomarkers of biological skin age. To investigate epigenetic skin aging mechanisms and their regulation as a skin longevity approach across diverse ethnicities and phototypes, we assessed epidermal methylomes from white, African, and Asian donors.

We collected epidermis samples from 17 multi-ethnic donors with diverse phototypes using a newly established tape-stripping method followed by array-based DNA methylation profiling to investigate the robustness of DNA methylation clocks across diverse ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, we conducted a clinical study with 60 participants representing Fitzpatrick phototypes I–VI. Diverse clinical parameters and biological skin age of the volunteers were determined at baseline and after applying a serum containing the natural epigenetic inhibitor dihydromyricetin (DHM) for 8 weeks to investigate skin longevity effects across phototypes.

Data analysis revealed that age-dependent DNA hypermethylation is conserved across populations and affects genes essential for keratinocyte vitality and longevity. A newly developed epidermal methylation clock accurately predicted biological age in multi-ethnic cohorts, confirming the robustness of epigenetic age estimation across phototypes. Topical application of a DHM-containing serum significantly reduced epidermal DNA methylation age. Epigenetic rejuvenation was associated with clinical improvements, including reduced skin roughness and wrinkle visibility and occupancy, and increased dermal echogenicity.

DNA-reading AI reconstructs ancestry in minutes, matching top statistical methods

Researchers at the University of Oregon have developed an artificial intelligence tool that can read genetic code the way large language models like ChatGPT read text. Scanning the genome for biological mutation patterns, the computer model traces pairs of genes back in time to their last common ancestor.

It’s the first language model designed for population genetics, said Andrew Kern, a computational biologist in the UO College of Arts and Sciences. As described in a paper published April 10 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the AI tool offers scientists a fast and flexible alternative to classical methods for reconstructing evolutionary history.

In practice, it can help researchers like Kern understand when disease-resistance genes emerged in a population, for example, or when species evolved key traits.

Genetic parallelism underpins convergent mimicry coloration in Lepidoptera across 120 million years of evolution

The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes, or convergent evolution, is widespread in nature, but there are few studies investigating the genetic mechanisms across wide evolutionary timescales. This study examines convergent wing pattern evolution across highly divergent Lepidopteran lineages and reports parallel genetic reuse, indicating strong constraints and high predictability in evolutionary outcomes.

An ultrasound-scanning in vivo light source

Beautifully executed paper on putting mechanoluminescent nanoparticles into blood circulation of mice which express optogenetic channels. Focused ultrasound can then trigger targeted light emission and control of neural activity in the brain and elsewhere.

A deep-tissue light source made from mechanoluminescent transducers stimulated by focused ultrasound enables wide imaging of live animal vasculature, and modulation of neuronal activity and behaviour.

A simple filter swap could advance marine eDNA biomonitoring

Researchers at Aarhus University have demonstrated that a simple adjustment to water filtration methods can dramatically improve the detection of marine animal DNA when using advanced, PCR-free sequencing. This methodological optimization could help clear a major bottleneck in aquatic biomonitoring and marine conservation efforts. The study is published in Metabarcoding and Metagenomics.

Over the past two decades, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has become a crucial tool for monitoring aquatic ecosystems. The most common method, metabarcoding, relies on PCR amplification of a smaller genetic region to identify specific taxa. However, PCR can lead to “significant taxonomic bias” because it often amplifies the DNA of different organisms unequally, making quantitative estimates difficult.

To avoid this, scientists have increasingly explored “shotgun sequencing”—a broad approach that sequences the DNA in a sample much more broadly—across the entire tree of life and across the genome.

Cell-by-cell analysis uncovers 345 risk genes across six neuropsychiatric disorders

The emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders, conditions that affect various brain functions and behaviors, is known to be driven by an intricate combination of factors. These can include both a genetic predisposition and exposure to traumatic events or other external circumstances.

Over the past decades, many neuroscience studies have tried to shed light on the origins of different mental health disorders. However, the biological, cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning these disorders have not yet been clearly elucidated.

Researchers at Peking University Sixth Hospital and Peking University Institute of Mental Health recently analyzed genetic data collected from patients diagnosed with six different neuropsychiatric disorders, to better delineate the genes and cell types that contribute to their emergence. Their paper, published in Molecular Psychiatry, identifies 345 genes expressed in different types of cells that were linked to an increased risk of developing these disorders.

Swine reporter model for preclinical evaluation and characterization of gene delivery vectors

Pigs which express tdTomato upon Cre or CRISPR editing of a genetic cassette inserted into their genome. (Pig analogue of Ai9 mice). This model system will aid translational preclinical studies for gene editing therapies.

A “turn-on” swine reporter model is developed to characterize local and systemic delivery of gene editors in vivo using viral or non-viral vectors. This adds the functionality of a reporter to preclinical gene delivery research in a large animal model that is more broadly accessible than nonhuman primates.

ALDH1L2 regulates reactive oxygen species and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in the pancreas

Role of NADPH enzymes in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreas repair following injury involves reversible acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and oncogenic KRAS mutations can progress ADM to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) but, the metabolic alterations in these precancerous lesions are not established.

In 2 studies published in Nature Metabolism, researchers demonstrate decline in NADPH producing enzymes that reduce oxidative stress and protect the pancreatic cells.

In one study, the authors show aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2 (ALDH1L2), an NADPH-producing mitochondrial enzyme expression level decreases progressively during ADM and is completely absent in pancreatic ductal cells. ALDH1L2 loss elevates ROS and promotes ADM in a model of pancreatitis and accelerates tumor progression in models of pancreatic cancer.

In the 2nd study, the authors show NRF2-target genes are significantly induced in ADM. Among these, genes encoding NADPH-producing enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme 1 (ME1), which participate in the regulation of oxidative stress.

In mouse models of pancreatic tumorigenesis, G6PD deficiency or Me1 loss increases reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by accelerated formation of ADM and PanIN lesions. The authors also show that Me1 loss, but not G6PD deficiency, promotes faster PDAC progression. sciencenewshighlights Science Mission https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-026-01496-x https://sciencemission.com/NADPH-producing-enzymes https://sciencemission.com/ALDH1L2-regulates-reactive-oxygen-species

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