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Category: genetics – Page 4

Atherosclerotic blood vessel cells grow similar to tumors, study reveals

Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital have studied tissue from patients with atherosclerosis. They found that many of the cells in the diseased tissue carried the same genetic alteration and appeared to originate from a single ancestral cell that had divided repeatedly—a pattern otherwise associated with tumor biology.

In several patients, a large proportion of the cells were derived from one single mutated cell that had undergone many rounds of cell division.

“It’s striking how many cells in the tissue share the exact same . In several samples, more than 10% of the cells—hundreds of thousands cells—carried the same alteration. It’s difficult to interpret this as anything other than all these cells originating from a shared ancestral cell that, at some point during disease development, acquired the mutation,” says Lasse Bach Steffensen, Associate Professor at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Southern Denmark.

Scientists find cellular brain changes tied to PTSD

The human brain is made up of billions of interconnected cells that are constantly talking to each other. A new study published in Nature zooms in to the single-cell level to see how this cellular communication may be going wrong in brains affected by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Until recently, researchers did not have the technology to study within individual cells. But now that it’s available, a team led by Matthew Girgenti, Ph.D., assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale School of Medicine, has been analyzing to uncover genetic variants that might be associated with psychiatric diseases such as (MDD) and PTSD.

Their latest study is one of the first to examine a major psychiatric disorder, PTSD, at the single-cell level. For years, doctors have been prescribing antidepressants to treat the condition because there are currently no drugs specifically designed for PTSD. Girgenti hopes that identifying novel molecular signatures associated with the psychiatric disease can help researchers learn how to develop new drugs or repurpose existing ones to treat it more effectively.

Cells assembled into Anthrobots become biologically younger than the original cells they were made from

Modern humans have existed for more than 200,000 years, and each new generation has begun with a single cell—dividing, changing shape and function, organizing into tissues, organs, and limbs. With slight variations, the process has repeated billions of times with remarkable fidelity to the same body plan.

Researchers at Tufts have been on a quest to understand the code guiding individual cells to create the architecture of a human being, and to create a foundation for . As they learn more about that code, they are also looking at how to build living structures from human cells that have totally new forms and capabilities—without genetic manipulation.

To decipher that code, they took a cell from the human body and allowed it to grow in a novel environment to observe how the rules of self-organization play out.

Creating the World’s First CRISPR Medicine, for Sickle Cell Disease

When Vijay Sankaran was an MD-PhD student at Harvard Medical School in the mid-2000s, one of his first clinical encounters was with a 24-year-old patient whose sickle cell disease left them with almost weekly pain episodes.

“The encounter made me wonder, couldn’t we do more for these patients?” said Sankaran, who is now the HMS Jan Ellen Paradise, MD Professor of Pediatrics at Boston Children’s Hospital.

In 2008, Orkin, Sankaran, and colleagues achieved their vision by identifying a new therapeutic target for sickle cell disease.

In December 2023, through the development efforts of CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex Pharmaceuticals, their decades-long endeavor reached fruition in the form of a new treatment, CASGEVY, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

The decision has ushered in a new era for sickle cell disease treatment — and marked the world’s first approval of a medicine based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology.

How a genetic insight paired with gene editing technology led to a life-changing new therapy.

Continue reading “Creating the World’s First CRISPR Medicine, for Sickle Cell Disease” | >

Somatic gene delivery faithfully recapitulates a molecular spectrum of high-risk sarcomas

Sarcomas are a group of mesenchymal malignancies which are molecularly heterogeneous. Here, the authors develop an in vivo muscle electroporation system for gene delivery to generate distinct subtypes of orthotopic genetically engineered mouse models of sarcoma, as well as syngeneic allograft models with scalability for preclinical assessment of therapeutics.

🔬Binary Fission Uncovered: DNA Relay-Ratchet Mechanism + Septum Formation!

In this video, we take a deep dive into the fascinating process of binary fission, the primary mode of reproduction in prokaryotic cells like bacteria.

You’ll learn how:
🧬 DNA replication begins the cycle.
⚙️ The DNA relay-ratchet mechanism ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes, and.
🧱 A septum forms to physically divide the cell into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Whether you’re a student, teacher, or just curious about microbiology, this simplified explanation breaks down complex concepts into clear, visual steps.

📚 References & Further Reading:
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https://media.springernature.com/full…

✨ Support EasyPeasy!
Get early access, behind-the-scenes content, and suggest future topics:
👉 / @easypeasylearning.
👉 / supereasypeasy.
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Gene-editing system targets multiple organs simultaneously

A gene-editing delivery system developed by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers simultaneously targeted the liver and lungs of a preclinical model of a rare genetic disease known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), significantly improving symptoms for months after a single treatment, a new study shows.

Gene-editing nanoparticle system targets multiple organs simultaneously

A gene-editing delivery system developed by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers simultaneously targeted the liver and lungs of a preclinical model of a rare genetic disease known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), significantly improving symptoms for months after a single treatment, a new study shows. The findings, published in Nature Biotechnology, could lead to new therapies for a variety of genetic diseases that affect multiple organs.

“Multi-organ diseases may need to be treated in more than one place. The development of multi-organ-targeted therapeutics opens the door to realizing those opportunities for this and other diseases,” said study leader Daniel Siegwart, Ph.D., Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biochemistry, and in the Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at UT Southwestern.

Gene editing—a group of technologies designed to correct disease-causing mutations in the genome—has the potential to revolutionize medicine, Dr. Siegwart explained. Targeting these technologies to specific organs, tissues, or will be necessary to effectively and safely treat patients.

Palm-sized device detects disease markers in under 45 minutes without additional lab equipment

Scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed NAPTUNE (Nucleic Acids and Protein biomarkers Testing via Ultra-sensitive Nucleases Escalation), a point-of-care assay that identifies trace amounts of disease-related genetic material, including nucleic acid and protein markers, in less than 45 minutes. Importantly, it accomplished this without the need for laboratory equipment or complex procedures.

Lying at the heart of many modern diagnostics, (PCR) and real-time immunoassays provide high accuracy. However, they are hindered by lengthy processing time, the need for specialized thermal cyclers and skilled personnel. These constraints hamper rapid outbreak management, early cancer screening and bedside decision-making, especially in low-resource settings.

NAPTUNE tackles these challenges by replacing bulky amplification steps with a tandem nuclease cascade that converts biological signals directly into readily detectable DNA fragments, streamlining the diagnostic process.