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Archive for the ‘biotech/medical’ category: Page 5

Mar 25, 2024

Best Solution to Detect Deepfakes? Use AI

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, robotics/AI

This post is also available in: he עברית (Hebrew)

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence make it increasingly harder to detect deepfake voices, and the solution might actually come from AI itself.

Scientists at Klick Labs were inspired by their clinical studies using vocal biomarkers to help enhance health outcomes and created an audio deepfake detection method that taps into signs of life like breathing patterns and micropauses in speech.

Mar 25, 2024

Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Approach to Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

Diving into the complexities of Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis — a journey through diagnostic hurdles and treatment paths. Discover more: 👉 https://bit.ly/3TwTulh


Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare, immune-mediated inflammatory syndrome that presents with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, seizures, psychosis, focal neurological defects, and altered consciousness. This disease process presents with no identifiable autoimmune antibodies, which leads to uncertain diagnosis, delayed treatment, and prolonged hospital admissions. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of AE should not be delayed, as early recognition and treatment leads to improved outcomes and disease reversibility for these patients. In this study, we present a case report of a 77-year-old male who presented with acutely altered mental status. This patient underwent an extensive workup and demonstrated no signs of clinical improvement throughout a prolonged hospital admission.

Mar 24, 2024

Scientists Working on Pill You Can Take Instead of Exercising

Posted by in category: Uncategorized

The future is going to be so lazy, yet so cut.


As next-generation weight-loss treatments like Wegovy and Zepbound continue to fly off the shelves, scientists are busy working on a medicine that could mimic the effects of exercise.

As explained in an American Chemical Society press release, trials thus far on SLU-PP-332, the potentially groundbreaking compound in question, show that it seems “capable of mimicking the physical boost of working out.”

Continue reading “Scientists Working on Pill You Can Take Instead of Exercising” »

Mar 24, 2024

A new type of bacteria was found in 50% of colon cancers. Many were aggressive cases

Posted by in category: biotech/medical

Scientists discovered that a common type of bacteria has two distinct subspecies. One of them shields tumor cells from cancer treatment.

Mar 24, 2024

Periodontal Bacterium Implicated in Aggressive Colon Cancer

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics

A recent study published in Nature reveals a potential link between a type of bacteria associated with dental plaque and treatment-resistant colorectal cancer. The Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, was found in 50% of tumors tested, suggesting it may protect tumor cells from cancer-fighting drugs. This discovery opens avenues for new treatments and screening methods. Colorectal cancer, a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, is increasingly affecting younger demographics, with cases doubling among those younger than age 55 between 1995 and 2019. While the study doesn’t directly tie the bacterium to this trend, its implications raise questions about its role in rising cases among younger individuals. F. nucleatum has been suspected in colorectal cancer growth. It possesses two subspecies, one of which is capable of evading immune response and promoting tumor formation. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for its journey from the oral cavity to the colon, defying stomach acid’s toxic effects. Future research may explore developing antibiotics targeting specific bacterial subtypes or using genetically modified bacteria for targeted drug delivery into tumors. Understanding the microbiome’s role in cancer risk represents a crucial frontier in cancer research. Click here to read more.

Mar 24, 2024

Sequences in the ‘Dark Genome’ Could be Used to Diagnose Cancer Earlier

Posted by in category: biotech/medical

The human genome is primarily composed of long stretches of repeat nucleotides that do not code for protein (only about two percent of the human genomes does code for protein). This mysterious, non-protein-coding DNA was once disregarded as junk DNA, but scientists have begun to find sequences of importance within this ‘junk,’ which is now sometimes called genomic ‘dark matter.’ Some of these sequences appear to have important regulatory functions, and can control the expression of some protein-coding genes. But studying these sequences can be extremely challenging, particularly because they are not like protein-coding genes that can be studied with standard techniques.

But scientists have now found a great use for the dark genome. Reporting in Science Translational Medicine, researchers created a method to reveal elements of the dark genome in cancerous tissue and in the bloodstream, as fragments called cell-free DNA (cfDNA). These bits of DNA are lost from tumors and they move around the body in the bloodstream. This technique may eventually help scientists or clinicians identify cancer or monitor the progress of treatment.

Mar 24, 2024

New Protein Found to Mediate Immune Cell Response

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, futurism

The immune system is a complex network of various cell types all working cohesively to identify and eliminate foreign invaders. Unfortunately, if a disease is strong enough or our immune system is not well equipped to accurately target the disease, we get sick until the immune system builds a strong enough immune response toward it. A great example includes vaccine biology. We are given an attenuated form of a disease and our body, not exposed to it before, will recognize the markers on the outside of the virus and make antibodies against it. Consequently, the immune system will build up a strong enough immune response to completely eradicate the disease from the body and also maintain memory cells that will instantly recognize future exposures of the same disease.

Different immune cells play various roles that effectively elicit an immune response. Innate immunity is the first barrier against disease. Cells in this barrier are non-specific and target a broad range of diseases but are less potent. Additionally, they take the protein or antigen from the disease and present it to more specific and effective immune cells in the adaptive immune system. These highly specific cells are mainly responsible for killing or lysing the disease. Cells in the adaptive immune system include T cells and B cells. T cells are a broad cell population with different responsibilities within each T cell subset. However, CD8+ T cells are the classic T cell subtype solely responsible for lysing foreign or invading cells. The field of T cell biology is ever expanding as scientists discover new ways to improve their function and effectively target disease.

A recent article published in the Journal of Immunology, by Dr. Tadashi Matsuda and others, discovered that a new protein, known as STAP-1, improves T cell activation. Matsuda, senior author on the paper, is a Professor and Principal Investigator at Hokkaido University in Japan. His work focuses on T cell biology and intracellular components of cellular immunity. Signal-Transducing Adaptor Protein-1 or STAP-1 was implicated as a mediator between intracellular proteins and eliciting an immune response. Interestingly, STAP-1 upregulates T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell function and increased inflammatory response. Matsuda and others found that STAP-1 generates the activation of downstream signaling pathways associated with stronger T cell activity. While this may have seemed like a great marker to improve immune response, the team also discovered that knocking out STAP-1 reduces autoimmune disorder symptoms. Therefore, treatment application is context dependent.

Mar 24, 2024

Human Cerebral Organoid Implantation Alleviated the Neurological Deficits of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality and disability, and its treatment is still limited. Loss of neurons in damaged area is hardly rescued by relative molecular therapies. Based on its disease characteristics, we transplanted human embryonic stem cell-(hESC-) derived cerebral organoids in the brain lesions of controlled cortical impact-(CCI-) modeled severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Grafted organoids survived and differentiated in CCI-induced lesion pools in mouse cortical tissue. Implanted cerebral organoids differentiated into various types of neuronal cells, extended long projections, and showed spontaneous action, as indicated by electromyographic activity in the grafts. Induced vascularization and reduced glial scar were also found after organoid implantation, suggesting grafting could improve local situation and promote neural repair. More importantly, the CCI mice’s spatial learning and memory improved after organoid grafting. These findings suggest that cerebral organoid implanted in lesion sites differentiates into cortical neurons, forms long projections, and reverses deficits in spatial learning and memory, a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI.

Mar 24, 2024

Cerebral Organoids as an Experimental Platform for Human Neurogenomics

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

The cerebral cortex forms early in development according to a series of heritable neurodevelopmental instructions. Despite deep evolutionary conservation of the cerebral cortex and its foundational six-layered architecture, significant variations in cortical size and folding can be found across mammals, including a disproportionate expansion of the prefrontal cortex in humans. Yet our mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental processes is derived overwhelmingly from rodent models, which fail to capture many human-enriched features of cortical development. With the advent of pluripotent stem cells and technologies for differentiating three-dimensional cultures of neural tissue in vitro, cerebral organoids have emerged as an experimental platform that recapitulates several hallmarks of human brain development.

Mar 24, 2024

Cracking Epigenetic Inheritance: Biologists discovered the Secrets of How Gene Traits are passed on

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics

A research team led by Professor Yuanliang ZHAI at the School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong (HKU) collaborating with Professor Ning GAO and Professor Qing LI from Peking University (PKU), as well as Professor Bik-Kwoon TYE from Cornell University, has recently made a significant breakthrough in understanding how the DNA copying machine helps pass on epigenetic information to maintain gene traits at each cell division. Understanding how this coupled mechanism could lead to new treatments for cancer and other epigenetic diseases by targeting specific changes in gene activity. Their findings have recently been published in Nature.

Background of the Research.

Our bodies are composed of many differentiated cell types. Genetic information is stored within our DNA which serves as a blueprint guiding the functions and development of our cells. However, not all parts of our DNA are active at all times. In fact, every cell type in our body contains the same DNA, but only specific portions are active, leading to distinct cellular functions. For example, identical twins share nearly identical genetic material but exhibit variations in physical characteristics, behaviours and disease susceptibility due to the influence of epigenetics. Epigenetics functions as a set of molecular switches that can turn genes on or off without altering the DNA sequence. These switches are influenced by various environmental factors, such as nutrition, stress, lifestyle, and environmental exposures.

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