Toggle light / dark theme

Gray matter study uncovers two neuroanatomically different OCD subtypes

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder associated with persistent, intrusive thoughts (i.e., obsessions), accompanied by repetitive behaviors (i.e., compulsions) aimed at reducing the anxiety arising from obsessions. Past studies have showed that people diagnosed with OCD can present symptoms that vary significantly, as well as distinct brain abnormalities.

A team of researchers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University recently carried out a study aimed at further exploring the well-documented differences among patients with OCD. Their findings, published in Translational Psychiatry, allowed them to identify two broad OCD subtypes, which are associated with different patterns in gray matter volumes and disease epicenters.

“OCD is a highly heterogeneous disorder, with notable variations among cases in structural brain abnormalities,” wrote Baohong Wen, Keke Fang and their colleagues in their paper. “To address this heterogeneity, our study aimed to delineate OCD subtypes based on individualized gray matter morphological differences.”

Plasma protein-based organ-specific aging and mortality models unveil diseases as accelerated aging of organismal systems

This study develops organ-specific aging models using blood proteomics data from 53,000 UK Biobank participants. These models predict organ-specific diseases and risk of death and reveal that chronic diseases reflect faster aging in specific organs. Different lifestyles affect organ aging differently.

Novel AI boosts breast cancer detection in mammograms

A few prospective studies have suggested that AI use in mammography screening increases cancer detection. However, cancer detection supported with AI should not predominately identify indolent cancers or occur at the expense of more false positives; instead, AI usage should increase the detection of clinically relevant cancers.

About the study

In the present study, researchers assessed the performance of cancer screening measures in the MASAI trial. The trial was designed to compare AI-supported mammography screening with standard double-reading.

Dr. Thomas Chen, MD, Ph.D. — CEO/CSO, NeOnc — Revolutionizing The Fight Against Brain Cancers

Revolutionizing the fight against brain cancers — dr. thomas chen MD, phd, FAANS, — CEO/CSO, neonc technologies holdings inc.


Dr. Thomas Chen, MD, Ph.D. is Founder, CEO & CSO, and Board Director, of NeOnc Technologies (https://neonc.com/), a developer of a proprietary, patented platform technology that can potentially transport pharma-based therapeutics directly to the brain without the normal boundary restrictions imposed by the body’s Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), providing patients with potentially more effective treatments.

NeOnc is developing a portfolio of treatments for brain cancer and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Dr. Chen is a board-certified neurosurgeon and the Director of Surgical Neuro-Oncology at USC where he is also a tenured Professor of Neurosurgery and Pathology (https://keck.usc.edu/faculty-search/thomas-c-chen/).

Dr. Chen graduated summa cum laude from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he also received Bronze Tablet honors and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa national academic honor society. He attended the University of California, San Francisco, where he obtained his MD, and was inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha National Medical Honor Society. He underwent neurosurgery training at USC and obtained a Ph.D. degree in pathobiology where his thesis was on the role of immunotherapy in malignant brain tumors.

Design of multimodal antibiotics against intracellular infections using deep learning

The rise of antimicrobial resistance has rendered many treatments ineffective, posing serious public health challenges. Intracellular infections are particularly difficult to treat since conventional antibiotics fail to neutralize pathogens hidden within human cells. However, designing molecules that penetrate human cells while retaining antimicrobial activity has historically been a major challenge. Here, we introduce APEXDUO, a multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) model for generating peptides with both cell-penetrating and antimicrobial properties. From a library of 50 million AI-generated compounds, we selected and characterized several candidates. Our lead, Turingcin, penetrated mammalian cells and eradicated intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. In mouse models of skin abscess and peritonitis, Turingcin reduced bacterial loads by up to two orders of magnitude. In sum, APEXDUO generated multimodal antibiotics, opening new avenues for molecular design.

CFN provides consulting services to Invaio Sciences and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards of Nowture S.L., Peptidus, European Biotech Venture Builder and Phare Bio. CFN is also a member of the Advisory Board for the Peptide Drug Hunting Consortium (PDHC). The de la Fuente Lab has received research funding or in-kind donations from United Therapeutics, Strata Manufacturing PJSC, and Procter & Gamble, none of which were used in support of this work. An invention disclosure associated with this work has been filed. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Cancer vaccine shows promise for patients with stage III and IV kidney cancer

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute researchers report that all nine patients in a clinical trial being treated for stage III or IV clear cell renal cell carcinoma (a form of kidney cancer), generated a successful anti-cancer immune response after initiation of a personalized cancer vaccine.

The vaccines were administered after surgery to remove the tumor and are designed to train the body’s immune system to recognize and eliminate any remaining tumor cells. At the time of data cut-off (median of 34.7 months), all patients remained cancer-free.

The results of this Phase I trial were reported in Nature.