Neither matter nor force, paraparticles would be something else entirely. Fresh hints that they exist are raising hopes that they could explain reality at its deepest level
Get the latest international news and world events from around the world.
AI agent helps prepare synchrotron X-ray experimental measurements, paving the way for autonomous operation
Artificial intelligence (AI) models are now used daily by many people worldwide, both for professional and personal purposes. Over the past decades, scientists specialized in various disciplines have also started using these models to conduct research or simplify their experimental practices.
Researchers at Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory recently explored the possibility of using an AI-powered agent to prepare a synchrotron-based X-ray experiment. Synchrotrons are large research facilities at which electrons are accelerated to produce very bright X-rays, which can then be used to study the atomic structure of materials, molecules and biological samples.
In a paper published in Nature Machine Intelligence, the team at Stanford and SLAC proposed using an AI-based agent to prepare a real synchrotron X-ray experiment. They showed that this agent could autonomously plan actions, interpret observations and generate instrument-control commands to complete sample alignment.
Noise Proofing Molecules for New-Physics Searches
Certain molecules can be placed into states that are less sensitive to external noise, offering researchers a quiet system for probing fundamental physics.
Molecules are like tiny sandboxes for exploring fundamental physics. Within the molecular environment, bound electrons and nucleons can be exposed to exceptionally strong fields, inducing effects that can’t easily be observed elsewhere. By measuring transitions within these molecules, researchers can look for small deviations from theory, which could be signs of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. However, molecules are very sensitive to external fields, causing “noise” that can hide the small internally induced deviations. Yuiki Takahashi and colleagues at Caltech have come up with a potential solution, which counterintuitively uses external fields to make molecules immune to external fields [1]. By exposing small triatomic molecules to carefully tuned electromagnetic fields, the researchers have placed the molecules into special states where their sensitivity to noise is reduced by a factor of several hundred.
Fine-tuned perovskites make blue LEDs more vibrant
Over the past decade, perovskite LEDs have become increasingly vibrant and affordable to produce. With careful tweaks to their chemical composition, these crystal-based light emitters can be tuned across the visible spectrum—matching and sometimes even beating rival LED materials for producing red and green light. However, blue light has remained a holdout, keeping full-color perovskite displays out of reach.
Through new research published in Nature, a team led by Xuyong Yang at Shanghai University has found a way past this barrier, building perovskite LEDs that emit a vivid, saturated blue while also lasting longer than earlier attempts.
Light-driven chemistry steers electron transfers beyond redox limits
Chemists use single-electron transfers to synthesize complex, ring-shaped molecular structures found in many drug candidates and advanced materials, but current techniques still have limitations. A new study, accepted for publication in Nature, describes a technique that could steer these chemical reactions in ways that were previously limited by the redox potentials of the involved molecules.
Normally, in single-electron transfer (SET) reduction, the molecule that is easiest to reduce—according to its redox potential—grabs available electrons first. This ultimately blocks many useful reactions involving common but hard-to-reduce molecules, including many simple ketones. These ketones are useful in a wide range of applications, from making pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to creating plastics and industrial solvents. Overcoming the limitations of competition for electrons based on redox potentials has been a goal for researchers looking for ways to streamline the synthesis of these useful chemicals.
Previous approaches to improve selectivity often relied on carefully matching reactants’ reduction potentials. Other methods used close catalyst-substrate interactions to alter selectivity, but these strategies were not broadly compatible with all reactants.
One idea, two cosmic mysteries—linking Little Red Dots and globular clusters
A new study led by astronomers at The University of Texas at Austin proposes a theory that could solve two astronomical riddles at once: the nature of Little Red Dots and the origin of globular clusters. Rather than representing distinct objects, the study suggests that one may instead be the ancestor of the other: Little Red Dots are, in fact, an early form of globular clusters. The findings are published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
First detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022, Little Red Dots are mysterious objects that appear 600 million years after the Big Bang, only to seemingly disappear 1.5 billion years later. They are compact, luminous and shine with a distinctive combination of red and ultraviolet light.
One theory is that Little Red Dots represent supermassive black holes, enshrouded in dense clouds of gas, that pull young stars into dramatic deaths. This scenario explains many of the objects’ signature properties. However, other scenarios could also fit.
Why some human brains can outlast other soft tissues after death
Why do some brains survive long after death when most other soft tissue decays? That’s the question a research team led by Alexandra Morton-Hayward at the University of Oxford set out to answer.
The brain is one of the first organs to liquefy and decompose after death. Yet in recent decades, archaeologists have recovered more than 4,400 well-preserved human brains dating back 12,000 years. In more than 1,300 cases, the brain was the only soft tissue left inside skeletal remains.
This phenomenon occurs most often in waterlogged, low-oxygen graves, but scientists lacked a clear explanation for how such a fragile organ can sometimes outlast everything else.