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New Microsoft Defender “RedSun” zero-day PoC grants SYSTEM privileges

A researcher known as “Chaotic Eclipse” has published a proof-of-concept exploit for a second Microsoft Defender zero-day, dubbed “RedSun,” in the past two weeks, protesting how the company works with cybersecurity researchers.

This exploit is for a local privilege escalation (LPE) flaw that grants SYSTEM privileges in Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server on the latest April Patch Tuesday patches, when Windows Defender is enabled.

“When Windows Defender realizes that a malicious file has a cloud tag, for whatever stupid and hilarious reason, the antivirus that’s supposed to protect decides that it is a good idea to just rewrite the file it found again to it’s original location,” explains the researcher.

Temperature shifts change plant proteins powering photosynthesis

Humans adjust to changes in temperature by putting on a sweater or taking off layers. Plants adjust to temperature changes, in part, by switching the way they express the protein that performs the critical first step of photosynthesis, according to new research from Cornell, Texas A&M and Stockholm University.

Rubisco is the most abundant protein on Earth, and it is responsible for fixing carbon so that plants can convert it into photosynthetic energy. Better understanding of the basic science underpinning rubisco’s function, therefore, has implications for increasing agricultural yields, improving carbon sequestration technology and understanding how plants may adapt to a warming climate.

In the paper “ Rubisco Kinetic Acclimation at the Holoenzyme Level,” published April 15 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers demonstrate that while rubisco’s protein core remains consistent, parts of its exterior can be swapped out, akin to an outfit. A stiffer exterior is preferred in the heat, for protection, and a looser one in the cold, to increase efficiency. This study, using the mustard-family plant Arabidopsis, is the first to show how rubisco acclimates to temperature changes in any plant species.

The Gravity Particle Should Exist. So Where Is It?

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Physics is this close to understanding the entire universe. And what lives in this gap? Many physicists think it’s the elusive graviton—the quantum particle of gravity—whose discovery will finally allow us to stitch together our two great theories of nature into a single master theory. But what is the graviton, and does it even exist?

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The immunoproteasome disturbs neuronal metabolism and drives neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

Now online! The immunoproteasome disturbs neuronal metabolism and drives neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: (Cell 188, 4567–4585.e1–e12; August 21, 2025)


Now online! (Cell 188, 4567–4585.e1–e12; August 21, 2025)

During post-publication review of our article, we, the authors, identified several errors in figure assembly and annotation affecting representative images and sample size reporting. These issues are limited to figure presentation and do not affect the underlying data, quantification, or conclusions of the study.

In Figure 2G, incorrect representative images were inadvertently used for the interferon-γ-OE and PSMB8-OE glutamate conditions. The correct images have now been inserted.

Automated Imaging Differentiation for DementiaIncluding Alzheimer Disease Dementia and Dementia With Lewy Bodies

Two most common causes of dementia in older adults are Alzheimer disease dementia (ADD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).1,2 Differentiating between ADD and DLB in the clinical environment remains challenging with high rates of misdiagnosis using the current standard of care.2 Up to 50% of neuropathologically confirmed DLB, known as Lewy body disease (LBD), are correctly diagnosed antemortem, with ADD as the most common misdiagnosis.2,3 Distinguishing DLB from ADD is a vital part of patient care as DLB has a worse prognosis and requires different treatment plans compared with ADD.4 Patients with DLB are particularly sensitive to neuroleptics prescribed in dementia care, leading to worsening cognitive and motor functions.5 Further, new disease-modifying therapies are approved for ADD, but not for DLB.6,7

The National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association developed a research framework for Alzheimer disease (AD) classification using biomarkers such as amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration.8 Amyloid positivity, as assessed using PET or biofluid assays (e.g., AB42/40, ptau217), is a core pathologic, distinguishing feature of AD. However, amyloid and Lewy body copathologies occur in over 50% of patients with LBD and can contribute to diagnostic uncertainty.2,9,10 In lieu of a DLB biomarker classification framework, current diagnostic criteria recommend combining indicative and supportive biomarkers to improve distinguishing between DLB and ADD. Indicative biomarkers include dopamine transporter scans (DaTscan), myocardial scintigraphy, and polysomnography. Supportive biomarkers are collected using MRI, PET, or SPECT scans, and EEG. Current MRI biomarkers in DLB leverage the relative sparing of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) to aid in differentiation.

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