Butterflies’ flight trajectories often appear random or chaotic, and compared with other hovering insects, their bodies follow seemingly mysterious, jagged, jerking motions.
These unique hovering patterns, however, can potentially provide critical design insights for developing micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) with flapping wings. To help achieve these applications, researchers from Beihang University studied how butterflies use aerodynamic force generation to achieve hovering. They discuss their findings in Physics of Fluids.
“Hovering serves as an essential survival mechanism for critical behaviors, including flower visitation and predator evasion,” said author Yanlai Zhang. “Elucidating its aerodynamic mechanisms provides fundamental insights into the evolutionary adaptations of butterflies’ flight kinematics.”
Time crystals represent a new phase of matter proposed by Frank Wilczek, the Nobel laureate of Physics in 2004; they can break original time-translation symmetry and create new time oscillations spontaneously.
Recently, a joint research team from the National Time Service Center (NTSC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University observed a time crystal in a spin maser system.
The results are published in Communications Physics.
Scientists have developed a dual-laser Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) system that uses two frequency-modulated lasers. By scanning the relative modulation phase between the pump and reference lasers, the setup measures strain and temperature all along an optical fiber. In a proof-of-concept test on a 13-meter silica fiber, the team recorded Brillouin gain spectra (BGS) at only about 200 MHz—over 50 times lower than the usual 11 GHz band.
The research was published in the Journal of Physics: Photonics on April 25, 2025.
“The dual-laser approach makes BOCDR equipment simpler, more cost-effective, and easier to deploy, giving engineers a practical tool for long-term structural health monitoring, factory process control, and many other sensing tasks,” said senior author Associate Professor Yosuke Mizuno of Yokohama National University.
Our Universe is vast, ancient, and mysterious. It’s no surprise that in our quest to explore and explain it, many misconceptions have arisen.
The first 1,000 people to use the link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare https://skl.sh/isaacarthur05231 Join this channel to get access to perks: / @isaacarthursfia. Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net. Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur. Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur. Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a… Group: / 1,583,992,725,237,264 Reddit: / isaacarthur Twitter: / isaac_a_arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: / discord Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode’s Audio-only version: / misconceptions-about-space-time-the-universe Episode’s Narration-only version: / misconceptions-about-space-time-the-univer… ▬ Common Misconceptions ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 0:00 Intro 2:34 Space is Huge 3:58 Space has no gravity 6:29 Space is not Dark 7:57 Space is Cold 12:14 Space is Empty 14:49 Explosive Decompression 16:31 No Noise in Space 17:48 Black Holes Suck 18:51 You can’t escape a Black Hole 22:37 Nothing goes faster than light 24:23 The Edge of The Universe is 13 Billion Light Years Away 27:23 The Universe has no Edge 29:31The Universe has no Center 30:13 We aren’t the Center of the Universe 32:48 Earth Orbits the Sun 35:34 The Sun is a fiery Yellow Dwarf 38:29 Time on Spaceships runs very slow 40:17 The Universe ends with the last stars Credits: Misconceptions About Space, Time & The Universe Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur Episode 394, May 11, 2023 Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur Editors: Briana Brownell David McFarlane Graphics: Jeremy Jozwik Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator. Facebook Group: / 1583992725237264 Reddit: / isaacarthur. Twitter: / isaac_a_arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: / discord.
Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode’s Audio-only version: / misconceptions-about-space-time-the-universe. Episode’s Narration-only version: / misconceptions-about-space-time-the-univer…
▬ Common Misconceptions ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 0:00 Intro. 2:34 Space is Huge. 3:58 Space has no gravity. 6:29 Space is not Dark. 7:57 Space is Cold. 12:14 Space is Empty. 14:49 Explosive Decompression. 16:31 No Noise in Space. 17:48 Black Holes Suck. 18:51 You can’t escape a Black Hole. 22:37 Nothing goes faster than light. 24:23 The Edge of The Universe is 13 Billion Light Years Away. 27:23 The Universe has no Edge. 29:31The Universe has no Center. 30:13 We aren’t the Center of the Universe. 32:48 Earth Orbits the Sun. 35:34 The Sun is a fiery Yellow Dwarf. 38:29 Time on Spaceships runs very slow. 40:17 The Universe ends with the last stars.
Credits: Misconceptions About Space, Time & The Universe. Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur. Episode 394, May 11, 2023 Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur.
The world’s largest solar telescope, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope in Hawaii, has reached an important milestone. After almost 15 years of preparation, the German instrument for the Inouye Solar Telescope, the Visible Tunable Filtergraph (VTF), has now taken its first images. The imaging spectro-polarimeter was developed and built at the Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) in Freiburg (Germany). The Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Göttingen (Germany) is a partner in the project.
The data published now were obtained during the technical commissioning of the instrument. VTF analyzes the sunlight captured by the Inouye Solar Telescope in more detail than ever before and, among other things, extracts information on the flow velocity of the solar plasma and the magnetic field strength at the visible surface of the Sun and in the directly adjacent gas layers above. Even in the current technical test phase, VTF is making smallest structures visible. In later scientific operation, when the data is extensively post-processed, the resolution will improve further.
With a primary mirror diameter of four meters, the Inouye Solar Telescope is the largest in the world. Thanks to the optimal observational conditions on the Hawaiian volcano Haleakala and the use of sophisticated methods of image stabilization and reconstruction, the Inouye Solar Telescope has been providing breathtakingly detailed views of our star since 2022: it can make smallest structures visible. To extract as much detailed information as possible about our star from sunlight, the Inouye Solar Telescope is gradually being equipped with additional scientific instruments. They process the incoming light, for example by examining individual wavelength ranges or polarization states of the light separately. Four of the five instruments are already in operation. The latest addition, the world’s largest spectro-polarimeter VTF, is the most powerful of them. As part of the technical commissioning, the first images of the Sun have now been taken with VTF.
The materials that make up all the structures and physical systems around us, including our own bodies, are not perfect—they contain flaws in the form of tiny cracks. When one of these cracks suddenly and rapidly spreads, it can be life-threatening, but the rich, intricate patterns formed by cracks can also be spectacular and intriguing.
Until now, physicists have struggled to provide a theoretical framework explaining why cracks often branch out and deviate from their expected path, slowing down as a result.
Two recent studies from the Weizmann Institute of Science bring order to the disorderly propagation of cracks and show that, although each crack may seem unique, there are quantitative physical parameters that shape the propagation process and explain the formation of asymmetrical crack patterns.
For the first time, the extremely neutron-rich hydrogen isotope ⁶H has been produced and measured using an electron scattering experiment, revealing unexpectedly strong interactions between neutrons within the nucleus. Researchers from the A1 Collaboration at the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Joh
*GUEST BIO:* Janna Levin is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist specializing in black holes, cosmology of extra dimensions, topology of the universe, and gravitational waves.
The study identifies a new class of layered antiferromagnets with spin-valley locking, offering efficient spin control without relying on spin–orbit coupling.
Altermagnets are a newly recognized class of materials that show momentum-dependent spin splitting without requiring spin-orbit coupling (SOC) or net magnetization. These materials have recently garnered international attention.
A research team led by Prof. Junwei Liu from the Department of Physics at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), together with experimental collaborators, published groundbreaking findings in Nature Physics.
