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Glioblastoma, an aggressive and often fatal form of brain cancer, has long posed a formidable challenge to doctors and patients alike. Yet, a groundbreaking clinical trial is offering a glimmer of hope, capturing global attention for its potential to revolutionize cancer treatment. A 62-year-old engineer, faced with a grim prognosis, has experienced something extraordinary—his tumour has shrunk significantly in a matter of weeks. This remarkable outcome marks the beginning of a journey that could redefine how we treat one of the most challenging cancers. What makes this approach so promising, and how could it change the future for patients?

Glioblastoma, often referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive and common form of primary brain cancer in adults. Originating from glial cells—specifically astrocytes that support nerve cells—this malignancy is notorious for its rapid growth and diffuse infiltration into surrounding brain tissue, making complete surgical removal challenging.

While research continues on the potential of psychedelics as a clinical treatment, a recent study highlights the need to better understand their adverse effects.

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Many cells in our body have a single primary cilium, a micrometer-long, hair-like organelle protruding from the cell surface that transmits cellular signals. Cilia are important for regulating cellular processes, but because of their small size and number, it has been difficult for scientists to explore cilia in brain cells with traditional techniques, leaving their organization and function unclear.

In a series of papers appearing in Current Biology, the Journal of Cell Biology, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at HHMI’s Janelia Research Campus, the Allen Institute, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School used super high-resolution 3D electron microscopy images of mouse brain tissue generated for creating connectomes to get the best look yet at primary cilia.

Researchers have discovered that neurotransmitters like dopamine.

Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter involved in many important functions in the brain, particularly those related to pleasure, reward, motivation, and motor control. It plays a central role in the brain’s reward system, where it helps reinforce rewarding behaviors by increasing pleasure and satisfaction, making it critical for habit formation and addictive behaviors. Dopamine is also vital for regulating movement, and deficiencies in dopamine production are linked to neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Additionally, dopamine influences various other functions, including mood regulation, learning, and attention, making it a key focus in studies of both mental health and neurodegenerative diseases.