German scientists have created lab-grown “patches” of heart muscle tissue derived from pluripotent stem cells. Following a success with rhesus monkeys, they have obtained approval for a human trial [1].
Wear and tear
As one of the most hard-working tissues in the body, the heart muscle is subject to incessant wear and tear due to aging and various health conditions. Unsurprisingly, heart failure is one of the most common age-related causes of death.
Cryonic freezing offers a pathway to reap future medical technologies today by preserving someone for future restoration, but what would the impact of this technology be on civilization?
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/ discord Credits: Cryonics: Frozen Civilizations Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur Episode 273; January 14, 2021 Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur Editors: Jason Burbank Jerry Guern Keith Blockus Cover Art: Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier Graphics: Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_… Music: Miguel Johnson https://migueljohnson.bandcamp.com.
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Credits:
Cryonics: Frozen Civilizations.
Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur.
Episode 273; January 14, 2021
Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur.
Editors:
Jason Burbank.
Jerry Guern.
Keith Blockus.
Cover Art:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier.
Chromatin, the mix of DNA and protein that houses each cell’s genome, is more resilient to aging than previously thought, suggests a study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society by researchers at King’s College London.
Scientists believe this may reveal how the body can cope with the inevitable “wear-and-tear” of aging and where it may be more vulnerable to its effects, laying the groundwork for future anti-aging treatments throughout the body.
Proteins, much like the rest of the body, change when aging. This is especially the case for the histone proteins that make up chromatin, which may “live” for ~100 days before being replenished and replaced. During their lifetime, proteins are stretched and distorted, or experience processes that are similar to rusting. This damage results in naturally occurring chemical changes to the protein called post-translational modifications, or PTMs.
Thymic injury leads to reduced T cell production and makes patients more vulnerable to infections and cancers. Lemarquis et al. identify a population of recirculating regulatory T (Treg) cells that mediate regeneration in the injured thymus, partially through amphiregulin. An analogous population of Treg cells expressing CD39 and ICOS is found in humans, suggesting therapeutic avenues for boosting thymic regeneration to address aging-and treatment-induced immunosuppression.
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An exploration of the possibility that civilizations may become immortal and choose to communicate on much longer timeframes than we expect.
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Cancer is infamously cunning, expansive and relentless. It has a talent for evading treatment, spreading throughout the body and coming back again and again. Despite a steady decline in U.S. cancer mortality rates thanks to better screening and treatments, the absolute number of deaths from cancer continues to tick up, in part because of an aging population.
In response, scientists and clinicians are taking a page from cancer’s playbook, learning to be just as cunning, expansive and relentless in their efforts to beat back the disease. Cancer is meeting its match.
“The field of oncology has been completely transformed from where it was 15 years ago — many aspects of cancer treatment resemble science fiction now,” said Steven Artandi, MD, PhD, the Laurie Kraus Lacob Director of the Stanford Cancer Institute.
OpenAI, in partnership with Retro Biosciences, has recently made significant strides in human longevity research with the development of GPT-4b Micro. This advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model could potentially revolutionize cellular reprogramming and open new avenues in the field of biology. Although this innovation is exciting, it still requires thorough scientific validation to establish its true potential.
For decades, scientists have been endeavoring to unlock the secrets of cellular processes. In 2020, Google DeepMind’s AlphaFold marked a significant breakthrough by predicting protein structures with astonishing accuracy. Now, OpenAI has entered the fray with GPT-4b Micro, a model expressly designed to analyze biological data and hasten scientific discoveries.
According to Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, “Hyper-intelligent AI tools could revolutionize science and lead to advancements we could hardly have imagined.” With Retro Biosciences, which specializes in longevity research, the goal is lofty: to extend the average human lifespan by a decade.
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