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John Nash (1928−2015)

John Nash was born on June 13, 1928, in Bluefield, West Virginia, a former coal town nestled deep in the Appalachian Mountains. As a young boy, Nash was solitary, bookish, and introverted. His father, John Sr., was a quiet engineer with an incisive mind. His mother, Virginia, also intelligent, was a former teacher who had large dreams for her son, pushing him to read at four, learn Latin, and skip a grade at school.

The first hint of John Nash’s math talent came in fourth grade, when a teacher told Virginia that the boy couldn’t do the math. Virginia laughed, well aware that her son was going down his own path to solve the simple problems. In high school, John solved his teachers’ clunky proofs in just a few elegant steps. He was one of ten nationally awarded winners of the George Westinghose Award, which provided him with a full scholarship to the Carnegie Institute of Technology. He hopped from engineering to chemistry before discovering his passion: mathematics.

He was accepted into Princeton University, which at the time was to mathematicians what Detroit was, and still is, to cars. Nash first wowed his peers with an elegantly playable board game, which his peers dubbed “Nash,” but later reached the market as Hex. He then absorbed himself in one of the sexiest math fields of the day, game theory, which described strategies in competition, whether in card games or business. His deceptively simple doctoral thesis would later re-orient the field of economics, although no one, not even Nash, predicted its potential.

Therapeutic effects of selumetinib on diffuse neurofibroma and optic pathway glioma in neurofibromatosis type 1

Selumetinib is approved for the treatment of inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). However, its efficacy in treating NF1-associated diffuse neurofibromas (NF1-DN) or optic pathway gliomas (NF1-OPG) remains unclear. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of selumetinib in these subgroups.

This was a sub-analysis of a Korean phase II open-label trial focusing on non-target treatment effects on NF1-DN and NF1-OPG. A total of 88 pediatric and adult patients with NF1-PN (59 children and 29 adults) in this trial had been treated for at least 2 years (~ 26 cycles, 28-day cycle) with oral selumetinib (20 or 25 mg/m², or 50 mg/dose every 12 h). Tumor volume, quality of life (QoL), and visual acuity were assessed.

Among the 88 included patients, NF1-DN was diagnosed in 25 (28%), and NF1-OPG in 3 (3%). All NF1-DN patients exhibited disfigurement, two experienced pain, and a partial response (PR; ≥20% tumor reduction at a single time) was achieved in 9 of these cases (36%). The median time to PR was 6 cycles (range, 6–12), and the median time to best response was 18 cycles (range, 6–26), with a median volume change of − 11.9% (range, − 55.4% to + 36.3%). Confirmed PR (cPR; PR sustained for 6 cycles) was observed in 6 NF1-DN patients (24%), stable disease (SD) was observed in 9 of these patients (36%), and progressive disease (PD) in 10 cases (40%). In a paired comparison, cPR was significantly lower for NF1-DN than for NF1-PN (24% vs. 88%, P 0.001), and the median best volume reduction was also smaller (− 11.9% vs. −42.1%, P 0.001). For the 3 NF1-OPG patients, visual impairment was present in all cases at baseline. One patient achieved PR at cycle 12 (− 36.

Is AI Truly Thinking? AGI and the New Debate Over Intelligence

Humanity has long regarded intelligence as an ability unique to human beings. The capacities to think, remember, reason, and solve problems were considered central to the human mind itself. To understand language, anticipate the future, and engage in creative thought was believed to belong exclusively to humanity.

Yet today, humanity stands before an entirely new kind of presence.

New 3D map of the heart’s electrical wiring can help patients with congenital heart disease

Researchers from UCL (University College London) and the ESRF (The European Synchrotron) have produced the first three-dimensional map of the heart’s electrical wiring in Tetralogy of Fallot, one of the most common congenital heart problems, revealing anatomical features that may explain why many patients develop heart conduction disorders in this condition.

The research, part of the Human Organ Atlas international collaboration, can be used for surgical training and lead to even better outcomes for patients. The research appears in JTCVS Structural and Endovascular.

Congenital heart disease affects around 1% of the population worldwide. In many cases, babies must undergo life-saving heart surgery shortly after birth. Although survival rates are now high, many patients develop complications later in life, particularly abnormal heart rhythms or contraction patterns. Surgeons have long known that these problems can arise when the heart’s delicate electrical conduction system, which is invisible during surgery, is disturbed.

Axial encoding unlocks up to eightfold faster 3D microscopy with less light

A research team from HKU Engineering has pioneered a fundamentally new imaging strategy known as AIMED (Arbitrary illumination microscopy with encoded depth), which utilizes a sub-sampling approach. By integrating innovations in axial optical encoding with advanced computational image reconstruction, the AIMED technology enables a substantial increase in 3D imaging speed while enhancing photon safety, all with minimal additional system complexity. This breakthrough demonstrates significant advantages across efficiency, image quality, and system compatibility.

This work was conducted by the OMEGA laboratory under the leadership of Professor Kenneth K. Y. Wong of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Hong Kong (HKU). The study is published in the journal Advanced Photonics.

Mathematician solves origami donut efficiency challenge with fewest folds

Most people wouldn’t think that it would take rigorous mathematical proof to show how many folds it takes to make a donut shape out of paper. Yet, no one could quite figure it out until recently.

In a new paper, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, mathematician Richard Evan Schwartz provides detailed proof of where the line is drawn when it comes to the fewest folds required to construct a torus—the proper name for the shape of a donut—from a piece of paper.

A giant star may have destroyed itself in one of the universe’s rarest explosions

Astronomers may have discovered one of the clearest examples yet of a rare “pair-instability” supernova. It is a catastrophic explosion thought to completely destroy some of the most massive stars in the universe, leaving behind no remnant. The paper outlining the properties of this rare explosion was posted to the arXiv preprint server on May 15.

The event, SN 2023vbw, was first detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility in October 2023 in the outskirts of a small, metal-poor dwarf galaxy about 1.3 billion light-years away. It was tentatively classified as a Type II supernova—the kind produced when a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel, collapses under gravity, and explodes. But several of its properties refused to fit that picture.

Matter may entangle with light far more easily near quantum critical points

Quantum entanglement is a state in which particles are entwined with each other. In this entwined state, the properties of one particle influence the other, even when they aren’t physically close to each other. This phenomenon has often been observed in small quantum systems with only a few particles in them, where researchers can use it to store and process quantum information. Rice University professor Qimiao Si is interested in understanding and applying quantum entanglement to macroscopic systems with vast numbers of particles.

In a paper recently published in Nature Communications, Si described a method that could lead to not only better understanding of quantum entanglement in quantum materials but also more ready usage of quantum entanglement in macroscopic systems. His theory posits this can be done by coupling quantum materials to quantum light.

“In this theory, by placing matter in a small mirrored cavity and pushing it towards what is called the quantum critical point, we can then introduce photons and induce quantum entanglement in the photon-matter hybrid,” said Si, the Harry C. and Olga K. Wiess Professor of Physics and Astronomy and director of the Extreme Quantum Materials Alliance.

A retention-aware system turns a computer’s storage chip into a cybersecurity shield

Hackers are ruthless. They can take control of your computer, delete files and disappear without a trace. However, FIU cybersecurity researcher Weidong Zhu has discovered a way to transform a computer’s storage chip into an additional tool for cyber defense. Working with collaborators at the University of Florida, Zhu created a system that makes data on these chips last longer—extending the lifespan of your files in the critical window after your computer is compromised. The work is published in the journal Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security.

“Our system extends recoverable data history up to 126 days,” said Zhu, an assistant professor at FIU’s Knight Foundation School of Computing & Information Sciences whose work is part of the Center for Integrated Security, Privacy, and Trustworthy AI (CIERTA). “Even if your computer is infected, your data can survive on your drive.”

Storage chips, known as solid-state drives (SSDs), have intrigued cybersecurity researchers for years. As hardware—not software—they offer unique safety benefits during an attack.

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