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Fossil discovery shows the interaction between giant marine reptiles
Approximately 160 million years ago, during the Age of Dinosaurs, giant marine reptiles ruled the seas. One such creature, an ichthyosaur, swam in a sea near present-day Peterborough, England. This huge animal, shaped like a dolphin, was a quick swimmer that chased prey such as ammonites and squid for sustenance.
However, on this day, luck was not on its side.
A pliosaur, an even more imposing reptile with 5-inch-long (13-centimeter-long), dagger-like teeth, attacked the ichthyosaur from underneath, biting with such force during the struggle that the tip of one of its teeth broke off in the middle of the ichthyosaur’s vertebra. The ichthyosaur’s body fell in pieces to the ocean floor, where the pliosaur finished its meal—a vivid scene inspired by the contents of a drawer in the Peabody’s Division of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Can the UK Win the Quantum and Robotics Race? Rory Daniels, techUK
The UK keeps producing world-class technology, then watches many of its companies scale in America.
Rory Daniels, Head of Emerging Technology and Innovation at techUK, joins Thinking on Paper to discuss whether the United Kingdom can remain competitive as quantum computing, robotics, photonics, AI and advanced computing begin to converge.
The UK has strong research institutions, deep technical talent and globally significant companies. Its recurring problem is scale. Promising technologies are often developed in British universities and laboratories, then commercialised or funded elsewhere.
In this episode, we discuss:
-What makes the UK robotics industry different from the US and China.
–Whether robotaxis can coexist with London’s black-cab industry.
–Why UK technology companies struggle to scale after the startup stage.
–The role of universities, technology-transfer offices and regional innovation clusters.
–How techUK connects companies, researchers and policymakers.
Rory argues that the UK’s advantage may not lie in dominating a single technology. It may come from combining existing strengths in AI, chip design, robotics, quantum computing, photonics and connectivity.
Inside the Trajectory — How AI Gains Power and Control — Mo Gawdat
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Former chief business officer of google.
Mo Gawdat returns to London Real with a stark warning: artificial intelligence is advancing at breakneck speed, and humanity may be unprepared for its consequences.
The former Google X executive reveals how AI capabilities now double every 5.7 months and warns of an approaching “AI Cold War” driven by unchecked capitalism and fear.
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AI-guided catalyst turns CO₂ and waste into fertilizer at industrially relevant rates
Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a computation-guided strategy to produce urea more efficiently from carbon dioxide and nitrate. By combining large language models, density functional theory calculations and experiments, the approach identified a cadmium-modified iron oxide catalyst that maintains high urea selectivity at practical current densities.
Urea is one of the world’s most widely used fertilizers, but its conventional production comes at a heavy environmental cost. The industrial process accounts for more than two percent of global energy consumption and releases over 200 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.
A cleaner alternative is to produce urea electrochemically, using low-carbon electricity to convert carbon dioxide and nitrate into a useful product. However, this approach has been difficult to scale up. At the high current densities needed for practical production, the catalysts often favor competing side reactions, such as hydrogen gas formation or carbon dioxide reduction to other products.
Giant fan-shaped structure found under East Antarctica
An international team of researchers including our Department of Geography has discovered a vast geological structure hidden beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The findings are published in the journal Nature Geoscience.
The structure is made up of a system of enormous subglacial basins buried in ice over three kilometers thick in parts.
Together, the basins form a giant fan-shaped structure on a continental scale. The team have named it the East Antarctic Fan-shaped Basin Province.
New hydrogen breakthrough turns waste heat into clean fuel
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have developed a new low-temperature approach to hydrogen production that could make the clean fuel cheaper and more practical to generate. The technique could be used both in large centralized facilities and in smaller local systems that take advantage of waste heat from major industrial operations.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is widely viewed as an important clean energy source. When used as a fuel, it produces only water and heat rather than carbon dioxide and other pollutants associated with fossil fuels. Hydrogen can also power fuel cells that generate electricity. Despite these advantages, around 95% of hydrogen production today still depends on fossil fuels.
New ammonia-making method could upend one of industry’s dirtiest processes
As our world’s population grows, so does the demand for ammonia—a key ingredient in fertilizer. The International Renewable Energy Agency estimates that ammonia production must quadruple by 2050 to feed the increase in global population.
The current gold standard process for producing ammonia is energy-intensive and a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Invented in the early 1900s, the Haber-Bosch method requires mixing hydrogen and nitrogen gas at 400–500 degrees Celsius. It’s responsible for nearly 2% of global carbon dioxide emissions and accounts for 2% of fossil energy use.
Researchers from McMaster University have developed a process that is green and faster, generates ammonia more efficiently from nitrate—a common water pollutant—and is “cleaner” because it uses renewable electricity rather than fossil fuel.
The Intelligence of Our Cells with Michael Levin
Each one of us have made the remarkable journey from matter to mind. The destination is our existence, one whole conscious being. The marvellous nature of our intelligence can be traced to the aptitude of every individual cell in our body. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. What if we could rewire the code that separates self from world? Tadpoles with eyes growing from their tails, worms with two heads-is the manifestation of biology governed entirely by chance?
Michael Levin is an American developmental and synthetic biologist at Tufts University, where he is the Vannevar Bush Distinguished Professor. Levin is a director of the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology. He is also co-director of the Institute for Computationally Designed Organisms with Josh Bongard.
00:00 — Collective Intelligence 03:38 — Cognitive Light Cones 09:32 — Scaling of the light cone 12:07-Definition of Intelligent Life 13:53 — Free Energy Principle 15:02 — Cognitive Glue 17:56 — Bioelectricity vs Genetics 23:23 — Limb Regeneration in Humans 24:24 — Solving Cancer 28:02 — Length of Effects 29:09 — Alien Life 31:31 — Communicating with our body organs 35:13 — Tic Tac Toe with an Alien 38:41 — Training our body organs 40:06 — Non-Cellular intelligence 41:03 — Is everything intelligent in the universe? 45:11 — Collective vs Parts 47:10 — Mike’s message to extraterrestrials.