NASA’s Swift space telescope is reaching the end of its two-decade run in orbit – unless a satellite launched on 3 July can give it a lifesaving boost
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The Hidden Evolution of The Universe | Mind Blowing Time Lapse
🌠 13 billion years of cosmic evolution, compressed into minutes.
From the birth of the Universe itself to the emergence of life on Earth, this cinematic journey compresses the entire story of cosmic evolution into a single breathtaking timeline.
Witness galaxies colliding across the darkness of space.
See stars ignite, live, and die in colossal explosions.
Explore the mysterious depths of black holes where even light cannot escape.
And discover how the ashes of ancient stars became the building blocks of planets, oceans, and ultimately… us.
🌌 In this journey, you’ll experience:
✦ The Birth of the Universe.
✦ The Formation of Galaxies.
✦ Gravitational Collisions Across Space.
✦ The Creation of Black Holes.
✦ Supernova Explosions.
✦ The Birth of the Sun.
✦ The Formation of Earth and the Moon.
✦ The Origin of Life.
✦ The Oxygen Revolution.
✦ The Rise of Complex Organisms.
Every moment in this video represents millions of years of cosmic history.
Sub-second fluctuations between top-down and bottom-up modes distinguish diverse human brain states
Information continuously flows between regions of the human brain, forming patterns that shift across states of consciousness, cognitive modes, and neuropsychiatric conditions. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals large-scale activity changes over seconds, the electrophysiological dynamics governing sub-second reconfiguration remain poorly understood. Here, relative phase analysis (RPA), a method leveraging phase lead/lag relationships, is introduced to capture whole-brain dynamics with millisecond precision in real time from electroencephalography (EEG). RPA reveals sub-second alternations, occurring approximately every 200 ms, between two dominant modes of information flow: a top-down mode, where anterior regions drive posterior activity, and a bottom-up mode, characterized by reverse directionality. These dynamics are most prominent during wakefulness, gradually diminish under anesthesia, and exhibit pathological imbalance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings demonstrate that top-down dynamics coincide with increased activity of higher-order cognitive networks, whereas bottom-up dynamics correspond to heightened activity in sensory networks. A connectome-based coupled-oscillator model reproduces these transitions, indicating that sub-second fluctuations emerge naturally from inter-regional interactions shaped by underlying structural connectivity. This study establishes RPA as a framework for tracking whole-brain dynamics precisely in real time and identifies sub-second top-down/bottom-up alternations as a fundamental organizing principle of human brain function and consciousness.
Keywords: ADHD; Kuramoto model; cortical traveling waves; coupled-oscillator model; general anesthesia; human brain dynamics; relative phase analysis; simultaneous EEG-fMRI; sub-second transitions; top-down versus bottom-up modes.
Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Scientists Recreate Life’s Building Blocks | Artificial Cell Performs Life-Like Functions | WION
Scientists have unveiled a synthetic cell capable of performing several life-like functions, marking a major milestone in modern biology. The breakthrough does not mean researchers have created life from scratch, but it does bring science closer to understanding how living systems emerge from simple chemical components. The artificial cell, known as \.
Why Living Past 115 Is Almost Impossible | The Limit
Today, more people are living past 100 than ever before — even though the maximum human lifespan hasn’t moved past 115 years. But is that about to change?
The Limit host Daniel T. Allen spent months talking to medical researchers, biohackers, and centenarians. He also went through a battery of tests worth over $12,000 at a longevity clinic to find out how long he might live.
In this episode, Business Insider looked into what could radically extend human lifespan, including FDA-approved drugs, cellular reprogramming, and Bryan Johnson’s $2 million \.
Modern GPU Programming For MLSys
Machine learning systems sit at the heart of modern AI workloads. In these systems, performance often comes down to the quality of a small number of GPU kernels. Attention kernels, LLM prefill and decode kernels, low-precision block-scaled GEMMs, fused MoE layers, and other large fused kernels all directly shape end-to-end speed in both training and serving.
To make these kernels fast, however, we need more than a list of optimization tricks. Modern GPUs are no longer simple variations of the same old design. Recent architectures introduce richer memory spaces, new access patterns, and increasingly specialized execution units. To program them well, we need both a clear mental model of the hardware and a practical understanding of how high-performance kernels are built. This book is about developing both.
The book follows a simple progression: first understand the GPU hardware, then learn the programming model we will use, and finally build state-of-the-art kernels step by step. Our main target is the Blackwell generation, and our main running examples are General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) and FlashAttention. Along the way, we will also study the core ingredients behind GPU optimization: data layout, asynchronous data movement, and asynchronous coordination.
Zebrafish brains reveal alternate route for senses to the forebrain shared with mammals
Line up the brains of a fish, bird and a mammal, and something unexpected comes up. You do not see three different answers to the problem of making sense of the world. You see one answer, tilted three different ways. “You can really see it’s almost like a continuum,” says Emre Yaksi, a professor at the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience in Trondheim.
Read across decades of anatomy, the same two ancient pathways carry the world into the forebrain of all these animals. What changes from one to the next is mainly which route does more of the work. Evolution built these brains from different parts, in creatures that parted ways hundreds of millions of years ago. It kept arriving at the same answer anyway.
That is the puzzle the Yaksi lab set out to chase. If animals this far apart on the tree of life keep landing on the same arrangement, perhaps the arrangement is no accident. Perhaps there are organizational rules deep enough that a fish and a person, for all the differences between them, are bound by the same ones.
New Insights into HIV Life Cycle, Th1/Th2 Shift during HIV Infection and Preferential Virus Infection of Th2 Cells: Implications of Early HIV Treatment Initiation and Care
The theory of immune regulation involves a homeostatic balance between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) responses. The Th1 and Th2 theories were introduced in 1986 as a result of studies in mice, whereby T-helper cell subsets were found to direct different immune response pathways. Subsequently, this hypothesis was extended to human immunity, with Th1 cells mediating cellular immunity to fight intracellular pathogens, while Th2 cells mediated humoral immunity to fight extracellular pathogens. Several disease conditions were later found to tilt the balance between Th1 and Th2 immune response pathways, including HIV infection, but the exact mechanism for the shift from Th1 to Th2 cells was poorly understood. This review provides new insights into the molecular biology of HIV, wherein the HIV life cycle is discussed in detail.
Scientists Turned Human Cells into Tiny Biological Computers
The researchers also built in a warning signal. When the cell received a confusing instruction—the biological equivalent of two commands arriving at once—it produced a separate alert instead of continuing as if nothing had happened.
To show how the system might one day be used in medicine, the team programmed cells to secrete IL-15, an immune protein that can help activate cancer-fighting immune cells.
The experiments relied on engineered circuits delivered into cells under controlled lab conditions. The authors note several challenges ahead, including avoiding unwanted RNA interactions, limiting leaky genetic switches, and finding reliable ways to insert larger circuits into cell genomes.
Ultrasound-based approach may reduce harmful inflammation and support joint healing
As an aging population experiences joint pain and inflammation at an all-time high, researchers at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), a part of The University of Alabama System, have published new findings suggesting continuous low-intensity ultrasound may help shift the body’s immune response from prolonged inflammation toward tissue repair, a discovery that could eventually contribute to novel treatments for joint injuries and post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
The study, published in Scientific Reports, was conducted by a multidisciplinary team of UAH researchers under the leadership of Dr. Anuradha Subramanian, a professor of chemical and materials engineering.
The work brought together biological experimentation conducted by Dr. Shahid Khan as part of his doctoral work with computational and statistical methods developed by Dr. Satyaki Roy, a professor of mathematical sciences, along with additional contributions from graduate student Owen Trippany.