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Third electrode pair can sharpen deep brain stimulation technique, mouse experiments suggest

A study by UNIGE, in collaboration with ETH Zurich, has significantly improved the accuracy of a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, paving the way for its use in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Brain stimulation techniques can correct abnormal activity in the neural circuits involved in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and depression. However, current transcranial stimulation methods delivered through the scalp reach only the brain’s surface, limiting their effectiveness. Deep brain stimulation, on the other hand, can target deeper structures but requires surgical implantation of electrodes.

A team from the Synapsy Center for Neuroscience and Mental Health Research at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), in collaboration with ETH Zurich, the Wyss Center Geneva and EPFL, has improved a promising intermediate technology called “temporal interference stimulation.” This method could allow deeper and more targeted noninvasive brain stimulation. The study is published in Cell Systems.

We’re Not Ready for Self-Building AI, But it’s Happening

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Artificial Intelligence is beginning to improve itself. In today’s video I have a summary of recent events. Are we ready for the intelligence explosion? I think not.

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China Just Beat Elon Musk With A Chip Inside The Human Brain

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A major new development in brain-computer technology is raising eyebrows across the tech world. While Elon Musk’s Neuralink has dominated headlines for years, a breakthrough emerging from China is now sparking fresh debate about who is really leading the race to connect the human brain with advanced computing systems.

In this video, we take a closer look at the latest brain-chip innovation, what makes it different from existing neural interface projects, and why experts are paying close attention. As competition intensifies between global technology powers, advances in neural implants could reshape medicine, communication, and even the future relationship between humans and machines.

Could this new achievement challenge Neuralink’s position at the center of the brain-tech conversation? And what does it mean for the future of artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and human enhancement? The implications may be far bigger than many people realize.

Memory reactivation underlies experience-dependent adaptive regulation of sleep

When we fall asleep, our brains don’t just shut off; they get to work. One of their primary jobs is memory consolidation—sorting through the events of the day and filing them into long-term storage. The brain does this by spontaneously “reactivating” or replaying memories.


Recent memories are consolidated during sleep by spontaneous reactivation. However, whether and how memory reactivation affects sleep dynamics remain unclear. By tracking and modulating memory activity during sleep in mice, we revealed that negative memory reactivation promoted arousal, whereas positive memory supported sleep stability. This regulation was mediated by the reactivation of experience-specific hippocampus-amygdala engram circuits during sleep. In chronic stress models, negative memory reactivation promoted sleep disturbance, and targeted suppression of memory reactivation restored normal sleep. Our findings establish a memory-dependent sleep regulation in which memory reactivation engages downstream circuits responsive to specific memory content.

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