Joint MAVEN and Tianwen-1 observations identify Kelvin-Helmholtz wave packets as a bursty route by which oxygen-bearing ions escape the Martian atmosphere.
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Walk through a 3D cyberpunk city built purely from ASCII characters metropolis runs on a 283KB Rust WebAssembly engine feeding a WebGL renderer
283KB Rust module and two compiled shaders sit behind the character grid.
Jacob Ward on The Loop, AI, and a World Without Real Choices
I recorded this conversation ten months ago. It has aged into something closer to a warning label.
Jacob Ward wrote The Loop before ChatGPT made his argument obvious. His claim: AI is doing to our decision-making what Google Maps did to our sense of direction. You never notice the skill leaving. You notice, one day, that you cannot get home without the phone.
So I asked him what I thought was a simple question. What is a choice?
Jake’s answer took the rest of the hour, and it starts somewhere uncomfortable. He describes a dinner with addiction scientists, people who study compulsion for a living, hired by consumer app companies. Not to cure anything. To calibrate.
From there we got into the decisions we have already handed over without a vote: hiring, lending, bail, custody, welfare. Hard moral calls outsourced to systems nobody in the room can inspect, because the human version was exhausting and the machine version is fast and cheap.
He is not a doomer, which is why the conversation lands. He thinks the fight for #FreeWill is still winnable, and he pointed to two pieces of evidence I did not expect: teenagers calling AI “clankers,” and the return of film cameras.
The asteroid that may be three worlds
What shape is an asteroid? For (44) Nysa, the honest answer until now has been that nobody knew. It is one of the brightest and largest E-type asteroids in the main belt, a class with a surface rich in enstatite, and its oddness has made it a favorite target for well over a hundred years. Successive observations hinted that it was elongated, perhaps even two lumps stuck together, but the picture stayed frustratingly blurred.
An international team led by Kate Minker at Lowell Observatory has now brought two of the world’s heaviest instruments to bear on it: SHARK-VIS on the Large Binocular Telescope in Arizona, and SPHERE/ZIMPOL on the Very Large Telescope in Chile. With adaptive optics correcting for the churn of our atmosphere and purpose-built processing to sharpen what came back, they have produced the finest images of Nysa ever obtained. Minker describes them as close to spacecraft-quality, achieved without ever leaving the ground.
What those images show is two prominent valleys wrapping around the asteroid’s circumference. The team read them as necks, the pinched joints where separate bodies have come to rest against one another: Three lobes, gently welded into one.
Oxygen vacancies unlock fast lithium-ion transport in battery material
Lithium titanate (LTO, Li4Ti5O12) is a well-established battery material that in its pristine state is a poor conductor of lithium ions. It develops high ionic conductivity only during charging, when additional lithium ions and electrons are incorporated into the material.
Bernhard Gadermaier and Martin Wilkening from the Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials at TU Graz have taken an entirely different approach: They transformed pure, non-lithiated LTO in its original composition, Li4Ti5O12, into a significantly better ion conductor by deliberately introducing defects into the crystal lattice.
Specifically, they removed individual oxygen atoms, thereby creating oxygen vacancies that activate a previously blocked migration pathway for lithium ions. “This diffusion pathway is already pre-formed in the LTO structure but is only activated by the defect structure,” Wilkening explains.
Copper’s surprising melting behavior provides insights into future fusion design
Future fusion power plants aim to recreate the heart of a star here on Earth to power our future energy needs. While the core fusion plasma will burn at hundreds of millions of degrees, the surrounding structural components must handle sudden, punishing heat loads that rival the extreme temperatures faced by spacecraft upon reentry into Earth’s atmosphere. Copper and its alloys are primary candidates for handling these intense heat fluctuations, making it vital to understand exactly how the metal behaves when pushed to its melting point.
Now, researchers at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and collaborators have captured a detailed, step-by-step look at copper atoms as they underwent extreme heating. Published in Nature Communications, the results revealed a key parameter that allowed copper’s crystal lattice to melt steadily rather than collapse instantaneously, as earlier simulations predicted.
“These results greatly improve the simulations we use to predict which materials have the best shot at surviving the extreme conditions of future fusion reaction chambers,” said Mianzhen Mo, a SLAC staff scientist who led the research. “They also demonstrate the incredible, atomic-scale resolution imaging we can achieve at SLAC’s electron camera.”
Melting diamond could unlock triple fusion gain and the secrets of ice giant planets
Diamond is more than a dazzling gem—the extremely hard form of carbon makes up the pellet that encases fuel for inertial confinement fusion, and scientists believe it rains down deep inside ice giant planets like Neptune and Uranus. In both cases, the material experiences enormous pressures. Until now, experiments and simulations have disagreed about how it actually behaves under those conditions.
In a new study, published in Nature Physics, researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) document how diamond melts under pressures three times greater than conditions at Earth’s core.
“We were able to take tiny diamond samples and shock-compress them to temperatures hotter than the surface of the sun and to pressures higher than the centers of Neptune and Uranus—and still measure atomic structure, temperature, density and optical reflectivity,” said author and LLNL scientist Marius Millot.
Microbes turn CO₂ into protein and vitamin B9 at commercially viable prices
Researchers are developing biotechnological processes that enable microbes to produce proteins and vitamins for human consumption using basic chemical ingredients, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen—entirely bypassing livestock farming and agriculture. Because these methods also require energy input, they are popularly called “power-to-protein” and “power-to-vitamin” processes.
Environmental biotechnologist Lars Angenent, of the University of Tübingen’s excellence cluster, Control of Microorganisms to Fight Infections (CMFI), has optimized one such process in the laboratory; it produces proteins as well as vitamin B9, also known as folic acid.
The process is unique in that it comprises two steps, using two different microbes sequentially. Angenent and his team have been working to find out whether it can be scaled up to technically and economically viable industrial production. They have found that a production facility capable of supplying 5.6 million people with the recommended daily dose of vitamin B9 and contributing to their protein intake at market prices would pay for itself after just five years. The study has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.