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Category: space – Page 4

Geochemical research could help identify microbial activity in Earth’s rock record and perhaps in Martian sediments

Because oxygen-bearing sulfate minerals trap and preserve signals from Earth’s atmosphere, scientists closely study how they form. Sulfates are stable over billions of years, so their oxygen isotopes are seen as a time capsule, reflecting atmospheric conditions while they were evolving on early Earth—and possibly on its planetary neighbor Mars.

A new study led by a University of Utah geochemist examines how forms when pyrite, commonly known as “fool’s gold,” is oxidized in environments teeming with microbes versus those without them. The researchers focused on Spain’s Rio Tinto, a contaminated river passing through a region where iron and copper were mined for thousands of years.

The paper titled, “Triple-oxygen isotopic evidence of prolonged direct bioleaching of pyrite with O2,” appears in Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

Magnetically guided streamer funneling star-building material into newborn system in Perseus

A team of astronomers led by Paulo Cortes, a scientist with the U.S. National Science Foundation National Radio Astronomy Observatory and the Joint ALMA Observatory, have made a groundbreaking discovery about how young star systems grow.

Using the powerful Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), their team observed— for the first time ever— a narrow, spiral-shaped streamer of gas guided by magnetic fields, channeling matter from the surrounding cloud of a star-forming region in Perseus, directly onto a newborn .

The work is published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Magnetized plasmas offer a new handle on nanomaterial design

Imagine a cloud that shines like a neon sign, but instead of raindrops, it contains countless microscopic dust grains floating in midair. This is a dusty plasma, a bizarre state of matter found both in deep space and in the laboratory.

In a new study, published this week in Physical Review E, Auburn University physicists report that even can reshape how these dusty plasmas behave—slowing down or speeding up the growth of nanoparticles suspended inside. Their experiments show that when a magnetic field nudges into spiraling paths, the entire plasma reorganizes, changing how particles charge and grow.

“Dusty plasmas are like in a vacuum box,” said Bhavesh Ramkorun, lead author of the study. “We found that by introducing magnetic fields, we could make these particles grow faster or slower, and the ended up with very different sizes and lifetimes.”

New report warns that China could overtake the US as top nation in space — and it could happen ‘in 5–10 years,’ expert claims

A new report from the Commercial Space Federation warns that China could soon overtake the U.S. in the “new space race.” The country’s rapid progression starkly contrasts the limitations imposed on NASA by record-breaking budget cuts.

Quasicrystals Grow Smoothly Around Obstacles

Large-scale obstacles to crystal growth can throw the whole lattice off kilter, but quasicrystals can accommodate them without losing their atomic-scale order.

When a growing crystal encounters an obstacle, the orderly array of atoms may have to adjust in ways that create lattice defects or large-scale rearrangements. But a research team has found through experiments that peculiar materials called quasicrystals can take such disruptions in stride [1] The quasicrystalline lattice, which is orderly but not periodic, can accommodate obstacles without sacrificing its order, thanks to a type of rearrangement unique to quasicrystals. The work suggests the possibility of making quasicrystalline metal alloys that are more durable than conventional alloys.

Quasicrystals, discovered in 1984, are typically compounds composed of metals such as aluminum, nickel, and manganese. X-ray diffraction seems to show that their atomic lattices have symmetries that aren’t permitted in conventional crystals, such as pentagonal or decagonal symmetry. But these symmetries can exist in small regions because quasicrystals are not conventional crystals—you can’t shift the atomic lattice in space and then superimpose it exactly on the original lattice.

Shocking Discovery About Earth’s Magnetosphere Challenges Decades of Theory

The area of space influenced by Earth’s magnetic field is called the magnetosphere. Within this protective bubble, scientists have observed an electric force that moves from the morning side of the planet toward the evening side. This vast electric field plays a crucial role in generating disturbances in near-Earth space, including geomagnetic storms.

Because electric forces move from positive to negative charges, researchers once believed that the morning side of the magnetosphere carried a positive charge while the evening side was negative. However, new satellite data has revealed the reverse: the morning side is actually negatively charged, and the evening side is positively charged.

This unexpected finding led a research group from Kyoto University, Nagoya University, and Kyushu University to take a closer look at the mechanisms that shape the magnetosphere.

China Brought Something Unexpected Back From The Far Side of The Moon

Dust from the far side of the Moon has yielded an unexpected microscopic treasure we’ve never seen before.

A close examination of lunar material collected during the China National Space Administration’s Chang’e-6 mission revealed specks of dust from a kind of water-bearing meteorite so fragile it seldom survives the trip through Earth’s atmosphere.

It’s the first confirmed debris of a type of meteorite known as Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrite – or CI chondrite – ever to be found on the Moon, demonstrating that fragile, water-bearing asteroids can leave microscopic traces embedded in the lunar regolith.

Chinese researchers use FAST to capture millisecond-scale radio bursts from starspot regions

A Chinese research team using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), dubbed the “China Sky Eye,” has for the first time unambiguously detected millisecond-scale radio bursts from starspot regions. This creates a new way to directly probe small-scale stellar magnetic fields and shed light on the origins of stellar magnetic activity, according to the research team on Sunday.

The research team, led by Professor Tian Hui from the School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University recently published its findings in Science Advances.

This study has filled a long-standing gap in the understanding of small-scale magnetic fields on stars beyond the solar system and provides new insights into the mechanisms behind their coronal eruptions and space weather activity, the team said.

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