The Extremely Large Telescope just passed a serious milestone while coming together. But it’s not done yet; the immense telescope is about to get even larger.
The European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO)’s Extremely Large Telescope is under construction on a mountaintop in Chile.
Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory, astronomers have taken a closer look at a nearby exoplanet and discovered it may be more Earth-like than previously thought. The planet, known as GJ 3378b, orbits a small, cool star called a red dwarf. Just 25 light-years from Earth in the direction of the northern constellation Camelopardalis, it lies in its star’s “habitable zone”—the region where temperatures could allow liquid water to exist—making it a candidate to host life.
“Our mantra is ‘follow the water,’” explained Paul Robertson, an astronomer at the University of California, Irvine, and lead author on the new study of GJ 3378b published in The Astrophysical Journal. “It’s the one thing every known living thing on Earth needs, so that’s the first thing we look for when trying to find environments that could sustain life.”
Reddwarfs are the coolest group of stars in existence. They are much smaller and dimmer than our sun and often appear reddish, hence their name. They are the most common stars in our galaxy, making them an important target in the search for life outside our solar system.
From the 2021 Nobel Prize winner in Physics, an enlightening and personal journey into the practice of groundbreaking science.
“[Giorgio Parisi is] an extraordinary scientist.” —Carlo Rovelli
With In a Flight of Starlings, celebrated physicist Giorgio Parisi guides us through his unorthodox yet exhilarating work, starting with investigating the principles of physics by observing the flight of flocks of birds. Studying the movements of these communities, he has realized, proves an illuminating way into understanding complex systems of all kinds—collections of everything from atoms and planets to other animals, such as ourselves.
An international team of astronomers reports the discovery of a new exoplanet orbiting a sunlike star as part of the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). The newfound alien world, designated NGTS-39 b, is a Jupiter-sized planet with an equilibrium temperature of about 519 K. The discovery was detailed in a paper published July 2 on the preprint server arXiv.
NGTS-39 (also known as TIC-453147896) is a relatively bright star of spectral type F9 located some 910 light-years from Earth. The star was observed multiple times between 2019 and 2024 with NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which detected a transit signal in its light curve.
Now, a group of astronomers led by Ioannis Apergis of the University of Warwick, UK, have used NGTS’ 12 robotic Newtonian telescopes to perform follow-up photometric observations of NGTS-39. This, together with radial velocity measurements from CORALIE and HARPS spectrographs, allowed the team to confirm the planetary nature of the TESS-detected signal.
For the first time, scientists have used NASA’s IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) to directly measure the magnetic fields of PSR J1101−6101, a pulsar located within what is often referred to as the Lighthouse Nebula. The results provide new insight into the structure of some of the most extreme objects in the cosmos, as NASA continues to explore the secrets of how the universe works. A paper describing the results was published Thursday in The Astrophysical Journal.
A pulsar is a type of neutron star with a strong magnetic field that spins incredibly fast. The pulsar at the center of the Lighthouse Nebula is rotating 16 times per second. Neutron stars are the leftover cores of massive stars, formed at the end of their life cycles, that possess more mass than the sun. They are condensed down to the size of a city, making them natural laboratories for studying extreme physics.
In June 2025, IXPE spent nearly 18 days focused on the Lighthouse Nebula.
An international collaboration has discovered two of the lowest-density giant planets ever detected: rare “super-puff” planets with densities lower than candy floss. The study—led by the University of Oxford, in collaboration with Université Côte d’Azur/Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur and the University of Birmingham—has been published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
The two planets, named TOI-791 b and TOI-791 c, orbit an F7-type dwarf star located around 1,110 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation Volans. Although both planets are roughly the size of Jupiter, they are extraordinarily diffuse: TOI-791 b has a density of just 0.038 grams per cubic centimeter, while TOI-791 c has a density of 0.047 grams per cubic centimeter.
By comparison, Jupiter’s average density is 1.33 grams per cubic centimeter, around 28 to 35 times greater.
Controlling light within microscopic spaces is crucial for next-generation optical devices such as photonic integrated circuits and localized sensors. Microspheres formed of luminescent π-conjugated polymers act as optical resonators that confine and amplify light via whispering gallery modes (WGMs), and they are promising candidates for microscale organic lasers and photonic applications. However, conventional microsphere resonators are geometrically isotropic and emit isotropic light, making directional control of emissions challenging.
In a new study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, researchers from the University of Tsukuba show that microspheres formed through the self-assembly of chiral π-conjugated polymers possess a characteristic twisted bipolar molecular configuration, enabling angle-selective optical resonance and laser oscillation with distinct azimuthal directionality. Using polarization-dependent photoluminescence imaging, the research team directly visualized a vortex-like (swirling) arrangement formed by the polymer main chains on the spherical surface.
Furthermore, this vortex-like surface molecular orientation induces an azimuth-dependent refractive-index distribution along the light propagation path, resulting in angle-dependent WGM resonance wavelengths and spatially localized emission. Consequently, the microspheres exhibit directional laser oscillation, preferentially emitting amplified light along a specific azimuthal direction. The resulting emission pattern is analogous to Saturn’s rings.
A recent study is shedding light on how we handle geomagnetic storms, offering a way to reduce their severity.
Experts at Advancing Earth and Space Sciences (AGU) have dug into the essentials of solar storms and how they can affect our planet.
Solar storms occur when the sun creates an entangled mess of magnetic fields, similar to a messy head of hair after a long night of sleep.
