IN A NUTSHELL 🌌 The Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall is the largest known structure in the universe, spanning 62 billion light-years. 💥 Gamma-ray bursts serve as cosmic lighthouses, helping astronomers map distant regions of the universe. 🧐 This discovery challenges the cosmological principle, which assumes the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales. 🔭
A study published in Astronomy & Astrophysics by a researcher from the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has provided new insights into the phenomenon of “pulse nulling”—a sudden cessation of the entire radio pulsed emission observed in over 200 pulsar manifests.
This event, which can last from a few rotations to several minutes, is suggested to be random, but its statistical distribution may hint at deeper patterns in pulsar emission behavior.
Pulse nulling is quantified by the nulling fraction (NF), defined as the proportion of pulses during which no detectable emission occurs. While NF varies from one pulsar to another, recent studies demonstrate a decreasing number of pulsars with increasing NF, suggesting certain underlying patterns for nulling.
A team of astronomers and astrophysicists affiliated with several institutions in Australia has found that a mysterious fast radio burst (FRB) detected last year originated not from a distant source, but from one circling the planet—a long-dead satellite. The team has posted a paper outlining their findings on the arXiv preprint server.
On June 13, 2024, a team working at the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder heard something unexpected—a potential FRB that lasted less than 30 nanoseconds. The pulse, they note, was so strong that it eclipsed all of the other signals coming from the sky.
It was originally assumed that the signal had come from some distant object because that is the case for most FRBs. But subsequent analysis showed that it had come from a nearby source.
Unlock the future of energy! Discover how abundant thorium and advanced Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) could power our world and humanity’s pioneering Moon base, offering a safer, cleaner path to net-zero.
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A new landmark study has pinpointed the location of the universe’s “missing” matter, and detected the most distant fast radio burst (FRB) on record. Using FRBs as a guide, astronomers at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) and Caltech have shown that more than three-quarters of the universe’s ordinary matter has been hiding in the thin gas between galaxies, marking a major step forward in understanding how matter interacts and behaves in the universe.
They’ve used the new data to make the first detailed measurement of ordinary matter distribution across the cosmic web. The research is published in the journal Nature Astronomy.
For decades, scientists have known that at least half of the universe’s ordinary, or baryonic matter —composed primarily of protons—was unaccounted for. Previously, astronomers have used techniques including X-ray emission and ultraviolet observations of distant quasars to find hints of vast amounts of this missing mass in the form of very thin, warm gas in between galaxies. Because that matter exists as hot, low-density gas, it was largely invisible to most telescopes, leaving scientists to estimate but not confirm its amount or location.
Time, not space plus time, might be the single fundamental property in which all physical phenomena occur, according to a new theory by a University of Alaska Fairbanks scientist.
The theory also argues that time comes in three dimensions rather than just the single one we experience as continual forward progression. Space emerges as a secondary manifestation.
“These three time dimensions are the primary fabric of everything, like the canvas of a painting,” said associate research professor Gunther Kletetschka at the UAF Geophysical Institute. “Space still exists with its three dimensions, but it’s more like the paint on the canvas rather than the canvas itself.”
Information geometry has emerged from the study of the invariant structure in families of probability distributions. This invariance uniquely determines a second-order symmetric tensor g and third-order symmetric tensor T in a manifold of probability distributions. A pair of these tensors (g, T) defines a Riemannian metric and a pair of affine connections which together preserve the metric. Information geometry involves studying a Riemannian manifold having a pair of dual affine connections. Such a structure also arises from an asymmetric divergence function and affine differential geometry. A dually flat Riemannian manifold is particularly useful for various applications, because a generalized Pythagorean theorem and projection theorem hold. The Wasserstein distance gives another important geometry on probability distributions, which is non-invariant but responsible for the metric properties of a sample space. I attempt to construct information geometry of the entropy-regularized Wasserstein distance.
A new algorithm opens the door for using artificial intelligence and machine learning to study the interactions that happen on the surface of materials.
Scientists and engineers study the atomic interactions that happen on the surface of materials to develop more energy efficient batteries, capacitors, and other devices. But accurately simulating these fundamental interactions requires immense computing power to fully capture the geometrical and chemical intricacies involved, and current methods are just scratching the surface.
“Currently it’s prohibitive and there’s no supercomputer in the world that can do an analysis like that,” says Siddharth Deshpande, an assistant professor in the University of Rochester’s Department of Chemical Engineering. “We need clever ways to manage that large data set, use intuition to understand the most important interactions on the surface, and apply data-driven methods to reduce the sample space.”