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Category: quantum physics – Page 3

Majorana modes withstand disorder in atomic chains, boosting fault-tolerant quantum computing

Quantum computers—systems that process information and perform computations by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics—could solve some tasks faster and more effectively than classical computers. While some studies have demonstrated the advantages of these computers for specific tasks, ensuring their reliable operation in real-world settings has proved challenging.

This is partly because quantum information units, or qubits, are known to be highly sensitive to environmental disturbances, such as fluctuations in temperature, electromagnetic fluctuations and magnetic fields. These environmental disturbances, collectively referred to as “noise,” can alter the qubit’s delicate quantum states, leading to computational errors.

In recent years, quantum physicists and engineers have proposed various strategies that could protect qubits from environmental disturbances and reduce quantum computing errors. One proposed solution is to rely on Majorana modes.

Quantum witness technique reveals spinons in quantum spin liquid candidate

Physicists at University College Cork have developed a new approach in the search for a quantum spin liquid, a long-sought state of quantum matter resembling a magnetic liquid whose quantum properties mean it never freezes. The work is a key step in the search for quantum silicon, a mineral that could be used to create quantum computers, just as silicon is used in traditional computers. The resulting paper appears in Nature Physics.

Lead author Prof. Seamus Davis said, “By introducing the quantum witness technique we provide a completely new perspective on the physics of quantum spin liquids and access their internal quantum excitations or ‘spinons’ directly for the first time at UCC.”

As liquids cool, they freeze into solids as their atoms cease to move. But some liquids, such as helium, never freeze. Predominant quantum effects mean they flow as superfluids even at absolute zero (the coldest possible temperature).

This Quantum Detector Boosts Terahertz Sensitivity by 20 Times

The researchers believe the technology could eventually operate at temperatures higher than those required by many competing detector designs. Similar PETS devices have already demonstrated performance at temperatures reachable using compact cryocoolers rather than liquid helium.

That capability could help fill the gap between highly sensitive cryogenic detectors and lower-sensitivity room-temperature technologies, potentially expanding the range of real-world applications.

The study marks the first demonstration of a quantum metasurface photodetector based on a two-dimensional electron system. By combining efficient light collection with a highly sensitive quantum detection mechanism, the work represents a significant step toward overcoming long-standing challenges in terahertz technology.

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Attosecond interferometry meets quantum optics

Experimental attosecond science is built around the ability to generate and control light flashes lasting billionths of a billionth of a second. Such extreme pulses can be created through high harmonic generation (HHG), where an intense laser field drives electrons out of atoms or solids and then forces them back, releasing bursts of extreme ultraviolet radiation. Techniques like this have transformed our ability to observe electron motion on its natural timescale.

To extract information from such ultrafast processes, physicists often rely on attosecond interferometry. By combining a strong laser field with a weaker second colour, different electron trajectories are made to interfere, imprinting timing and phase information onto the emitted harmonics. Over recent years, these schemes have become standard tools for attosecond metrology and spectroscopy.

New buried-growth process enables 2D arrays of position- and orientation-controlled diamond qubits

Researchers at Kanazawa University, in collaboration with Diamond and Carbon Applications (Germany), have developed a buried-growth process for nitrogen–vacancy (NV) centers in diamond using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). By employing nitrogen-radical selective etching, which simultaneously enhances metal-mask durability through nitridation, the team enabled a continuous etching–growth sequence within a single MPCVD process.

The work is published in the journal Carbon.

Optical measurements confirmed highly aligned NV centers selectively buried in predefined regions. This integrated approach provides a stable and scalable platform for orientation-controlled diamond qubits and future room-temperature quantum technologies.

Physicists observe synchronized quantum dance of excitons and phonons

An international team of researchers has reported a major advance in understanding quantum dynamics in semiconductor materials. They directly observed how excitons and phonons evolve together in perovskite nanocrystals, revealing a fully coherent quantum dance between light-induced electronic excitations and crystal lattice vibrations. They published their findings in Nature Communications.

An exciton is created when light excites an electron inside a semiconductor. The electron absorbs energy and leaves behind a positively charged “hole”; the two bind together and move through the crystal as a single quantum object. A phonon is a different kind of quantum object, as it is a quantum of crystal lattice vibration. Though fundamentally different objects, in perovskites they are strongly linked and evolve together as a coupled quantum system.

Perovskite nanocrystals are miniature crystals only a few nanometers in size, a thousand times smaller than the thickness of a hair. Each crystal forms a nanoscale “box” that traps both excitons and phonons. This confinement makes the interaction between them especially strong: An exciton inside the nanocrystal is tightly coupled to vibrations of the surrounding crystal lattice.

Physicists harness potential of quantum phase transitions

Researchers at University College Dublin and international collaborators have just published a detailed and accessible guide that aims to translate theoretical ideas into practical devices for quantum enhanced sensing technologies.

Conventional sensors have enabled technologies from global positioning systems to satellite imaging. Quantum systems, however, provide the absolute best precision allowable by the laws of physics.

The challenge, however, is that quantum devices are often fragile. A promising theoretical avenue for designing quantum sensors not hindered by this fragility is called “critical quantum sensing.”

Quantum memory surpasses classical limits for storing unknown quantum operations

Quantum memories, systems that store and retrieve information leveraging quantum mechanical effects, can outperform classical storage systems on some existing tasks. Yet these promising memories could also complete operations that are very difficult or impossible for classical systems, including the storage and retrieval of so-called isometry channels.

Isometry channels are transformations that entail mapping a smaller quantum system onto a larger one while preserving quantum information.

In a paper published in Physical Review Letters, researchers at the University of Tokyo showed that quantum methods significantly outperform classical ones in the storage and retrieval of these transformations.

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