We should assume that animals can have feelings too. From an ethical point of view this should inform our dealings with animals, researchers from Leiden University and Utrecht University argue in an opinion article that was published in the scientific journal Affective Science on Thursday 10 March.

Some of the leading behavioral scientists in the world have hypothesized that many animal species can have emotions. But whether animals also have feelings is the subject of much debate, and some behavioral scientists believe they do not. This is incorrect, say cognitive psychologist Mariska Kret (Leiden University) and behavioral biologists Jorg Massen (Utrecht University) and Frans de Waal (Emory University and endowed professor in Utrecht). Based on observations, there is a good chance that animals can also have feelings; it is just very difficult to investigate this.

Being able to tell the difference between a photo of something and the actual thing itself – picture-to-object equivalence, in science speak – is a useful test for better understanding the visual and cognitive function of other primates, birds, and even rats.

But how far does this ability to interpret a flat image extend in the animal kingdom?

A new study has found mice might also have the capacity, as they demonstrated the ability to link a 2D image of an object with the actual 3D object itself, using the hippocampus part of their brains in the same way that humans do.

𝐂𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐲𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐟𝐬, 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐟𝐮𝐥

𝘾𝙤𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙤𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙤… See more.

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A new correlational study, published in Personality and Individual Differences, found empirical support for these claims by finding an association between frequency of cognitive distortions and stronger safetyism-inspired beliefs.

As efforts to chart the brain’s neurons gather pace, researchers must find a way to make the accumulating masses of data useful.