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Archive for the ‘nanotechnology’ category: Page 122

Dec 18, 2020

Virus detection using nanoparticles and deep neural network–enabled smartphone system

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, mobile phones, nanotechnology, robotics/AI

Emerging and reemerging infections present an ever-increasing challenge to global health. Here, we report a nanoparticle-enabled smartphone (NES) system for rapid and sensitive virus detection. The virus is captured on a microchip and labeled with specifically designed platinum nanoprobes to induce gas bubble formation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The formed bubbles are controlled to make distinct visual patterns, allowing simple and sensitive virus detection using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-enabled smartphone system and without using any optical hardware smartphone attachment. We evaluated the developed CNN-NES for testing viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and Zika virus (ZIKV). The CNN-NES was tested with 134 ZIKV-and HBV-spiked and ZIKV-and HCV-infected patient plasma/serum samples. The sensitivity of the system in qualitatively detecting viral-infected samples with a clinically relevant virus concentration threshold of 250 copies/ml was 98.97% with a confidence interval of 94.39 to 99.97%.


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Smartphone systems can also benefit from the recent unprecedented advancements in nanotechnology to develop diagnostic approaches. Catalysis can be considered as one of the popular applications of nanoparticles because of their large surface-to-volume ratio and high surface energy (11–16). So far, numerous diagnostic platforms for cancer and infectious diseases have been developed by substituting enzymes, such as catalase, oxidase, and peroxidase with nanoparticle structures (17–20). Here, we adopted the intrinsic catalytic properties of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for gas bubble formation to detect viruses on-chip using a convolutional neural network (CNN)–enabled smartphone system.

Dec 17, 2020

Researchers create entangled photons 100 times more efficiently than previously possible

Posted by in categories: computing, engineering, nanotechnology, quantum physics

Super-fast quantum computers and communication devices could revolutionize countless aspects of our lives—but first, researchers need a fast, efficient source of the entangled pairs of photons such systems use to transmit and manipulate information. Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology have done just that, not only creating a chip-based photon source 100 times more efficient that previously possible, but bringing massive quantum device integration within reach.

“It’s long been suspected that this was possible in theory, but we’re the first to show it in practice,” said Yuping Huang, Gallagher associate professor of physics and director of the Center for Quantum Science and Engineering.

To create , researchers trap light in carefully sculpted nanoscale microcavities; as light circulates in the cavity, its photons resonate and split into entangled pairs. But there’s a catch: at present, such systems are extremely inefficient, requiring a torrent of incoming laser light comprising hundreds of millions of photons before a single entangled photon pair will grudgingly drip out at the other end.

Dec 15, 2020

Camera Uses Laser Beams to Take 3D Images From 1 Kilometer Away

Posted by in categories: electronics, nanotechnology

Circa 2008


Using superconducting nanowires and lasers, a new camera system can produce high-resolution 3D images of objects from up to a kilometer away.

Dec 13, 2020

Bullets bounce off nanotubes

Posted by in categories: computing, nanotechnology

Circa 2007


Robocops could soon leave the realm of science fiction thanks to a new bullet-proof material proposed by engineers in Australia. According to computer simulations done by the team, bullets would be no match for vests made of the material, and would simply bounce off owing to the high elasticity of the nanotubes. The researchers claim that the material, which has not been made yet, would be a great improvement on existing anti-ballistic clothing that stop bullets from penetrating by spreading the bullet’s force — something that can still cause serious injury (Nanotechnology 18 475701).

Dec 12, 2020

On the cutting edge: Carbon nanotube cutlery

Posted by in categories: biological, engineering, nanotechnology

Circa 2006 o.,o.


Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado at Boulder have designed a carbon nanotube knife that, in theory, would work like a tight-wire cheese slicer.

In a paper presented this month at the 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, the research team announced a prototype nanoknife that could, in the future, become a tabletop tool of biology, allowing scientists to cut and study cells more precisely than they can today.

Continue reading “On the cutting edge: Carbon nanotube cutlery” »

Dec 12, 2020

Carbon Nanotubes Could Replace Copper Wiring in Cars, Report Says

Posted by in categories: nanotechnology, transportation

Circa 2019


The average car features up to 60 pounds of copper wiring, but researchers are looking to reduce some of that weight. Combing aluminum with carbon nanotubes could be the solution, those researchers believe. The nanotubes reportedly add strength and conductivity to lightweight aluminum.

Dec 11, 2020

Artificial visual system of record-low energy consumption for the next generation of AI

Posted by in categories: nanotechnology, robotics/AI

A joint study led by City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has built an ultralow-power consumption artificial visual system to mimic the human brain, which successfully performed data-intensive cognitive tasks. Their experiment results could provide a promising device system for the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications.

The research team is led by Professor Johnny Chung-yin Ho, Associate Head and Professor of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) at CityU. Their findings have been published in the scientific journal Science Advances, titled “Artificial visual system enabled by quasi-two-dimensional electron gases in oxide superlattice .”

As the advances in semiconductor technologies used in digital computing are showing signs of stagnation, neuromorphic (brain-like) computing systems have been regarded as one alternative. Scientists have been trying to develop the next generation of advanced AI computers, which could be as lightweight, energy-efficient and adaptable as the human brain.

Dec 11, 2020

Researchers identify the physical mechanism that can kill bacteria with gold nanoparticles

Posted by in categories: bioengineering, biotech/medical, chemistry, nanotechnology

Finding alternatives to antibiotics is one of the biggest challenges facing the research community. Bacteria are increasingly resistant to these drugs, and this resistance leads to the deaths of more than 25,000 around the world. Now, a multidisciplinary team of researchers from the Universitat Rovira i Virgili, the University of Grenoble (France), the University of Saarland (Germany) and RMIT University (Australia) have discovered that the mechanical deformation of bacteria is a toxic mechanism that can kill bacteria with gold nanoparticles. The results of this research have been published in the journal Advanced Materials and are a breakthrough in researchers’ understanding the antibacterial effects of nanoparticles and their efforts to find new materials with bactericide properties.

Since the times of Ancient Egypt, gold has been used in a range of medical applications and, more recently, as for diagnosing and treating diseases such as cancer. This is due to the fact that gold is a chemically inert material, that is, it does not react or change when it comes into contact with an organism. Amongst the scientific community, nanoparticles are known for their ability to make tumors visible and for their applications in nanomedicine.

This new research shows that these chemically inert nanoparticles can kill thanks to a physical mechanism that deforms the cell wall. To demonstrate this, the researchers have synthesized in the laboratory in the shape of an almost perfect sphere and others in the shape of stars, all measuring 100 nanometres (8 times thinner than a hair). The group analyzed how these particle interact with living bacteria. “We find that the bacteria become deformed and deflate like a ball that is having the air let out before dying in the presence of these nanoparticles,” explained Vladimir Baulin, researcher at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the URV. The researchers state the bacteria seem to have died after a massive leak, “as if the cell wall had spontaneously exploded.”

Dec 10, 2020

Dr. Yu Shrike Zhang — Symbiotic Tissue Engineering — Harvard Medical School

Posted by in categories: bioengineering, bioprinting, biotech/medical, chemistry, nanotechnology

Dr yu shrike zhang phd is assistant professor at harvard medical school and associate bioengineer at brigham and women’s hospital.

Dr. Zhang’s research interests include symbiotic tissue engineering, 3D bio-printing, organ-on-a-chip technology, biomaterials, regenerative engineering, bioanalysis, nanomedicine, and biology.

Continue reading “Dr. Yu Shrike Zhang — Symbiotic Tissue Engineering — Harvard Medical School” »

Dec 9, 2020

Tiny particles get the panoramic treatment

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, nanotechnology

A new label-free optical imaging technique based on unscattered light can detect nanoparticles as small as 25 nm in diameter. The technology overcomes several limitations of other advanced methods for imaging tiny particles, and its developers at the University of Houston and the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center in the US say it might be used to study viruses and other structures at the molecular level.

Imaging nanoscale objects via optical techniques is difficult for two reasons. First, the objects’ small size means that they scatter little light, making it hard to distinguish them from the background. Second, individual nano-objects within a close-packed group tend to be separated by distances that are smaller than the diffraction limit for visible light (around a few hundred nanometres) making it impossible to resolve them with conventional methods.