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Category: mathematics – Page 9

Two AIs Discuss: The Construct of Science, a Metaphysical Inquiry!

“Metaphysical Experiments: Physics and the Invention of the Universe” by Bjørn Ekeberg Book Link: https://amzn.to/4imNNk5

“Metaphysical Experiments, Physics and the Invention of the Universe,” explores the intricate relationship between physics and metaphysics, arguing that fundamental metaphysical assumptions profoundly shape scientific inquiry, particularly in cosmology. The author examines historical developments from Galileo and Newton to modern cosmology and particle physics, highlighting how theoretical frameworks and experimental practices are intertwined with philosophical commitments about the nature of reality. The text critiques the uncritical acceptance of mathematical universality in contemporary physics, suggesting that cosmology’s reliance on hypological and metalogical reasoning reveals a deep-seated faith rather than pure empirical validation. Ultimately, the book questions the limits and implications of a science that strives for universal mathematical truth while potentially overlooking its own inherent complexities and metaphysical underpinnings. Chapter summaries:
- Cosmology in the Cave: This chapter examines the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva to explore the metaphysics involved in the pursuit of a “Theory of Everything” linking subatomic physics to cosmology.
- Of God and Nature: This chapter delves into the seventeenth century to analyze the invention of the universe as a concept alongside the first telescope, considering the roles of Galileo, Descartes, and Spinoza.
- Probability and Proliferation: This chapter investigates the nineteenth-century shift in physics with the rise of probabilistic reasoning and the scientific invention of the particle, focusing on figures like Maxwell and Planck.
- Metaphysics with a Big Bang: This chapter discusses the twentieth-century emergence of scientific cosmology and the big bang theory, shaped by large-scale science projects and the ideas of Einstein and Hawking.
- Conclusion: This final section questions the significance of large-scale experiments like the JWST as metaphysical explorations and reflects on our contemporary scientific relationship with the cosmos.

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Mathematical model modulates the anomalous Hall angle in a magnetic topological semimetal

When an electric current passes through some materials, it generates a voltage perpendicular to the direction in which the current is flowing and of an applied magnetic field. This physical phenomenon, known as the anomalous Hall effect, has been linked to the intrinsic properties of some materials.

The efficiency with which a longitudinal current drives a transverse spin-polarized current in these materials is referred to as the anomalous Hall angle (θA). In many conventional , this angle is typically very small, which in turn limits the sensitivity of sensors and other devices developed using these materials.

Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have introduced a new mathematical model that allows them to modulate the θA in the magnetic topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2.

It’s a quantum zoo out there, and scientists just found a dozen new ‘species’

There are a seemingly endless number of quantum states that describe quantum matter and the strange phenomena that emerge when large numbers of electrons interact. For decades, many of these states have been theoretical: mathematical and computational predictions potentially hiding among real-life materials—a zoo, as many scientists are coming to refer to it, with new “species” just waiting to be discovered and described.

In a new study published on April 3 in Nature, researchers added over a dozen states to the growing quantum zoo.

“Some of these states have never been seen before,” said lead author Xiaoyang Zhu, Howard Family Professor of Nanoscience at Columbia. “And we didn’t expect to see so many either.”

Integrating physical units into high-performance AI-driven scientific computing

Existing numerical computing libraries lack native support for physical units, limiting their application in rigorous scientific computing. Here, the authors developed SAIUnit, which integrates physical units, and unit-aware mathematical functions and transformations into numerical computing libraries for artificial intelligence-driven scientific computing.

Gödel pro and contra AI: dismissal of the case

Gödel’s incompleteness theorem is used by both advocates and adversaries of strong AI to show that computers can(not) perform the same feats as humans. This article extends the construction through which Gödel proved his theorem, in order to allow a broader interpretation, showing that neither side has exploited its arguments to the fullest extend, and that the evidence can never be conclusive.

Dr.ir. C.J.B. Jongeneel & prof.dr. H. Koppelaar, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Mathematics and Informatics, Section of Knowledge Based Systems.

1 Introduction

Crystallography-informed AI achieves high performance in predicting novel crystal structures

A research team from the Institute of Statistical Mathematics and Panasonic Holdings Corporation has developed a machine learning algorithm, ShotgunCSP, that enables fast and accurate prediction of crystal structures from material compositions. The algorithm achieved world-leading performance in crystal structure prediction benchmarks.

Crystal structure prediction seeks to identify the stable or metastable crystal structures for any given chemical compound adopted under specific conditions. Traditionally, this process relies on iterative evaluations using time-consuming first-principles calculations and solving energy minimization problems to find stable atomic configurations. This challenge has been a cornerstone of materials science since the early 20th century.

Recently, advancements in computational technology and generative AI have enabled new approaches in this field. However, for large-scale or , the exhaustive exploration of vast phase spaces demands enormous computational resources, making it an unresolved issue in materials science.

Scientists Develop Simple Model for an Intricate, Ever-Evolving Cell Structure

Scientists apply principles of math and physics to unravel the mystery of how the endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle vital to cellular life, constantly reshapes and reorganizes itself. As a second-year Ph.D. student and physicist, Zuben Scott hadn’t thought much about the endoplasmic reticulum s

Programmable photonic chip uses light to accelerate AI training and cut energy use

Penn Engineers have developed the first programmable chip that can train nonlinear neural networks using light—a breakthrough that could dramatically speed up AI training, reduce energy use and even pave the way for fully light-powered computers.

While today’s AI chips are electronic and rely on electricity to perform calculations, the new chip is photonic, meaning it uses beams of light instead. Described in Nature Photonics, the chip reshapes how light behaves to carry out the nonlinear mathematics at the heart of modern AI.

“Nonlinear functions are critical for training ,” says Liang Feng, Professor in Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and in Electrical and Systems Engineering (ESE), and the paper’s senior author. “Our aim was to make this happen in photonics for the first time.”

Major Problem in Physics Could Be Fixed if The Whole Universe Was Spinning

Earth rotates, the Sun rotates, the Milky Way rotates – and a new model suggests the entire Universe could be rotating. If confirmed, it could ease a significant tension in cosmology.

The Universe is expanding, but exactly how fast is a contentious question. Two different methods of measurement return two very different speeds – and as the measurements become more precise, each becomes more certain. This discrepancy is known as the Hubble tension, and it’s reaching crisis levels in physics.

So for a new study, physicists in Hungary and the US added a small rotation to a model of the Universe – and this mathematical massage seemed to quickly ease the tension.

Physicists Designed a Quantum Rubik’s Cube And Found The Best Way to Solve It

Quantum physics already feels like a puzzle, but now scientists have made it more literal. A team of mathematicians from the University of Colorado Boulder has designed a quantum Rubik’s cube, with infinite possible states and some weird new moves available to solve it.

The classic (and classical) Rubik’s cube is what’s known as a permutation puzzle, which requires players to perform certain actions to rearrange one of a number of possible permutations into a ‘solved’ state.

In the case of the infamous cube, that’s around 43 quintillion possible combinations of small colored blocks being sorted into six, consistently-colored faces through a series of constrained movements.