This is a ~1 hour 12 minute talk titled “Computational Symbiogenesis” by Blaise Agüera y Arcas (https://research.google/people/106776/?&type=google), given for our symposium on the Platonic Space (https://thoughtforms.life/symposium-on-the-platonic-space/).
Category: computing – Page 34
Single-photon switch could enable photonic computing
There are few technologies more fundamental to modern life than the ability to control light with precision. From fiber-optic communications to quantum sensors, the manipulation of photons underpins much of our digital infrastructure. Yet one capability has remained frustratingly out of reach: controlling light with light itself at the most fundamental level using single photons to switch or modulate powerful optical beams.
Now, researchers at Purdue University have achieved this long-sought milestone, demonstrating what they call a “photonic transistor” that operates at single-photon intensities.
Their findings, published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology, report a nonlinear refractive index several orders of magnitude higher than the best-known materials, a leap that could finally make photonic computing practical.
Symmetry simplifies quantum noise analysis, paving way for better error correction
Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore have achieved a breakthrough in quantum noise characterization in quantum systems—a key step toward reliably managing errors in quantum computing.
Their findings, published in Physical Review Letters, make important strides in addressing a long-standing obstacle to developing useful quantum computers.
Noise in quantum systems can come from traditional sources, like temperature swings, vibration, and electrical interference, as well as from atomic-level activity, like spin and magnetic fields, associated with quantum processing.
A New Bridge Links the Strange Math of Infinity to Computer Science
All of modern mathematics is built on the foundation of set theory, the study of how to organize abstract collections of objects. But in general, research mathematicians don’t need to think about it when they’re solving their problems. They can take it for granted that sets behave the way they’d expect, and carry on with their work.
Descriptive set theorists are an exception. This small community of mathematicians never stopped studying the fundamental nature of sets — particularly the strange infinite ones that other mathematicians ignore.
Their field just got a lot less lonely. In 2023, a mathematician named Anton Bernshteyn (opens a new tab) published a deep and surprising connection (opens a new tab) between the remote mathematical frontier of descriptive set theory and modern computer science.
Wild new “gyromorph” materials could make computers insanely fast
Gyromorphs merge order and disorder to deliver unprecedented light-blocking power for next-generation photonic computers. Researchers engineered “gyromorphs,” a new type of metamaterial that combines liquid-like randomness with large-scale structural patterns to block light from every direction. This innovation solves longstanding limitations in quasicrystal-based designs and could accelerate advances in photonic computing.
Researchers are exploring a new generation of computers that operate using light, or photons, instead of electrical currents. Systems that rely on light to store and process information could one day run far more efficiently and complete calculations much faster than conventional machines.
Light-driven computing is still at an early stage, and one of the main technical obstacles involves controlling tiny streams of light traveling through a chip. Rerouting these microscopic signals without weakening them requires carefully engineered materials. To keep signals strong, the hardware must include a lightweight substance that prevents stray light from entering from any direction. This type of material is known as an “isotropic bandgap material.”
How small can optical computers get? Scaling laws reveal new strategies
The research, published in Nature Communications, addresses one of the key challenges to engineering computers that run on light instead of electricity: making those devices small enough to be practical. Just as algorithms on digital computers require time and memory to run, light-based systems also require resources to operate, including sufficient physical space for light waves to propagate, interact and perform analog computation.
Lead authors Francesco Monticone, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, and Yandong Li, Ph.D. ‘23, postdoctoral researcher, revealed scaling laws for free-space optics and photonic circuits by analyzing how their size must grow as the tasks they perform become more complex.
New scalable single-spin qubits could simplify future processors
Quantum computers, which operate leveraging effects rooted in quantum mechanics, have the potential of tackling some computational and optimization tasks that cannot be solved by classical computers. Instead of bits (i.e., binary digits), which are the basic units of information in classical computers, quantum computers rely on so-called qubits.
Qubits, the quantum equivalent of bits, are not restricted to binary states (i.e., 0 or 1), but can exist in superpositions of these states. One common type of qubits used to fabricate quantum processors are so-called semiconductor quantum dots.
Quantum dots are small electrically confined regions that can trap individual charge carriers. To manipulate these qubits, most quantum engineers currently rely on high-frequency electrical signals, as opposed to low-frequency baseband signals.