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Blood Test #4 in 2025: 17y Younger Biological Age

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Calorie restriction mimetics against aging and inflammation

Geroprotectors, a class of compounds that ameliorate molecular, cellular, or physiological aging-related alterations, have garnered significant attention in the quest to promote healthy aging and extend the human health span. Among these, Calorie Restriction Mimetics (CRMs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their potential to mimic the benefits of calorie restriction, a dietary approach involving reduced calorie intake without malnutrition. Prospective CRMs may include biguanides (metformin and aminoguanidine), which exert effects on the insulin signaling pathway; rapamycin, which interacts with mTOR signaling pathways; and stilbenes (resveratrol), which influences stress signaling pathways and promotes the activation of AMPK, impacting mitochondrial metabolism in addition to the activity of FOXO and sirtuin.

Researchers uncover novel mechanism for regulating ribosome biogenesis during brain development

Ribosomes are tiny molecular machines inside all living cells that build proteins, and ribosome biogenesis is the complex, multi-step process by which they are made. During brain development, neural stem cell proliferation relies on active ribosome biogenesis to meet high protein demand. This process involves the concerted action of numerous ribosomal RNA processing factors and assembly proteins. Studies have shown that precise regulation of ribosome biogenesis is essential for normal brain development and tumor prevention.

Gene therapy delivery device could allow for personalized nanomedicines on-demand

A new gene therapy delivery device could let hospital pharmacies make personalized nanomedicines to order. This democratized approach to precision medicine, as published in Frontiers in Science, could revolutionize how hospitals treat rare diseases, even in low-resource settings.

Rare diseases affect millions worldwide, yet the one-size-fits-all model of drug development leaves patients with few treatment options. Now a European research project called NANOSPRESSO aims to tip the balance in patients’ favor by boosting access to low-cost bespoke gene and RNA therapies.

The prototype NANOSPRESSO device combines two proven technologies— and lipid nanoparticles—into a portable manufacturing unit. Hospital pharmacists could use the unit to prepare sterile, injectable nanomedicines tailored to the specific genetic abnormality causing the patient’s condition, bypassing the need for centralized drug production.

Antibiotics and energy inhibitors effectively kill aggressive melanoma cells by blocking mitochondrial pathways

Researchers have discovered that the most aggressive melanomas, the deadliest form of skin cancer, overactivate two key processes in mitochondria, the components of cells that provide energy. Blocking these pathways with currently available drugs effectively killed melanoma cells.

The findings are published in Cancer.

By mapping the proteins expressed in 151 tumor and normal skin samples, investigators found that the most aggressive melanomas hyper-activate the machinery that builds and the mitochondrial system that turns nutrients into energy.

Scientists reveal how diverse cell types are produced in developing embryos

A team of scientists at the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS) has uncovered a previously unknown mechanism that controls how genes are switched “on” and “off” during embryonic development. Their study sheds light on how diverse cell types are produced in developing embryos.

The research, published in Developmental Cell, was led by Dr. Irène Amblard and Dr. Vicki Metzis from the Development and Transcriptional Control group, in collaboration with LMS facilities and the Chromatin and Development and Computational Regulatory Genomics groups.

All cells contain the same DNA but must turn ‘“on” and “off”—a process known as gene expression—to create different body parts. The cells in your eyes and arms harbor the same genes but “express” them differently to become each body part.

Liver organoid generates organ-specific blood vessels for the first time

Scientists from Cincinnati Children’s and colleagues based in Japan report achieving a major step forward in organoid technology: producing liver tissue that grows its own internal blood vessels.

This significant advance could lead to new ways to help people living with hemophilia and other coagulation disorders while also taking another step closer to producing transplantable repair tissues for people with damaged livers.

The study, led by Takanori Takebe, MD, Ph.D., director for commercial innovation at the Cincinnati Children’s Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Research and Medicine (CuSTOM), was published in Nature Biomedical Engineering.

New human ‘multi-zonal’ liver organoids improve injury survival in rodents

One reason why our livers excel at clearing waste from our blood system is that the organ functions according to three key “zones” that perform specific major tasks. So, if scientists hope to create self-growing patches of liver organoid tissue that could help repair damaged organs, it’s important that the lab-grown tissue faithfully reproduce such zones.

In a groundbreaking paper published April 16, 2025Nature, a team of organoid medicine experts at Cincinnati Children’s reports achieving just such a milestone—made from . When these humanized organoids were transplanted into rodents whose own liver-bile duct system had been disconnected, the improved organoids nearly doubled the rodents’ survival rate.

“The research community has long needed a better model for studying human liver biology and disease, because there are outstanding hepatocyte diversity and associated functional orchestrations in the human liver that do not exist in rodents,” says Takanori Takebe, MD, Ph.D., the study’s corresponding author. “This new system paves the way for studying, and eventually treating, a wide range of otherwise fatal liver disorders.”

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