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Category: biotech/medical – Page 160

A Popular Senolytic Treatment Causes Brain Damage in Mice

A new study calls for caution in using the well-known senolytic treatment of dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), showing that it causes damage in certain regions of the brain, similar to what is observed in multiple sclerosis [1].

Stem cell senescence prevents brain repair

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a brain disorder in which the patient’s own immune system attacks oligodendrocytes: cells in the nervous system that provide a myelin coating for neurons, which is essential for their function and survival. MS is much more common in older patients, who are also more likely to have progressive disease and a worse response to treatment.

Self-organizing “pencil beam” laser could help scientists design brain-targeted therapies

Researchers have found that a “pencil beam” laser allows brain imaging 25 times faster than current methods. This could help scientists quickly test whether new drugs for diseases like Alzheimer’s or ALS are reaching their targets in the brain.

After a surprising discovery that overcomes a longstanding problem in fiber optics, MIT researchers demonstrated a biomedical imaging technique that is faster and more precise than other methods, which could help scientists and clinicians study new brain therapies.

Deep secretome analysis reveals the effects of LiCl on fibroangiogenic remodeling in coculture and mouse models of peritoneal dialysis

In a new paper, researchers dive into the protein secretome and decrypt how peritoneal dialysis can trigger fibrosis and damage blood vessels, providing a resource that could inform efforts to limit toxicity from this lifesaving therapy.

Learn more in Science Signaling.

Secretomics uncovers cell-cell signaling networks in tissue remodeling induced by peritoneal dialysis.

NAD-dependent redox control enables endothelial quiescence and vascular stabilization during angiogenesis

Zhao et al. reveal a critical metabolic event in the transition of endothelial cells from proliferation into quiescence. This process requires robust NAMPT-mediated NAD metabolism to suppress H2O2 emanated from reprogramming mitochondria. Failure of this metabolic checkpoint impairs vascular stabilization during angiogenesis, offering novel opportunities for the treatment of hypervascular diseases.

Woman With 3 Autoimmune Diseases Enters Remission After Immune ‘Reset’

A patient with three different autoimmune diseases has entered complete remission after undergoing an experimental treatment that effectively reset her immune system.

The 47-year-old woman in Germany previously required daily blood transfusions to manage her conditions, two of which affected her blood cells.

She was given Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR-) T cell therapy, which involves extracting a sample of immune cells, ‘supercharging’ them against a specific target, and returning them to the body.

A drug discovery bottleneck? How cheaper reagents could speed branched molecule synthesis

When chemists design drug candidates, shape matters enormously. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients contain branched carbon structures—points where the molecular chain forks in a specific direction—that are critical to whether a molecule will bind to its biological target and whether it will be safe. The challenge is that the branched building blocks used to create these structures are not very abundant or commercially available. Now, scientists at Scripps Research have devised a new approach to building these branched molecular structures found in many medicines and materials: one that could make the early stages of drug discovery faster and more efficient.

The method, published in Science, overcomes a stubborn technical obstacle that has limited chemists’ ability to assemble complex molecules from simple, inexpensive starting materials.

“This work solves a selectivity problem that challenged us for years,” says Ryan Shenvi, professor at Scripps Research and senior author of the study. “We’ve now laid the groundwork to access iteratively branching materials that occur in metabolites, fragrances and drugs.”

A Billionaire-Backed Startup Wants to Grow ‘Organ Sacks’ to Replace Animal Testing

As the Trump administration phases out the use of animal experimentation across the federal government, a biotech startup has a bold idea for an alternative to animal testing: nonsentient “organ sacks.”

Bay Area-based R3 Bio has been quietly pitching the idea to investors and in industry publications as a way to replace lab animals without the ethical issues that come with living organisms. That’s because these structures would contain all of the typical organs—except a brain, rendering them unable to think or feel pain. The company’s long-term goal, cofounder Alice Gilman says, is to make human versions that could be used as a source of tissues and organs for people who need them.

For Immortal Dragons, a Singapore-based longevity fund that’s invested in R3, the idea of replacement is a core strategy for human longevity. “We think replacement is probably better than repair when it comes to treating diseases or regulating the aging process in the human body,” says CEO Boyang Wang. “If we can create a nonsentient, headless bodyoid for a human being, that will be a great source of organs.”

Cancer cells can rewrite RNA messages, creating new drug targets in aggressive tumors

Scientists have uncovered an unexpected way cells can generate cancer-driving proteins—by cutting RNA into shorter, functional fragments rather than following the standard blueprint. This process, newly termed as “RNA dicing,” enables the production of a truncated form of the JAK1 protein that remains highly active and can promote tumor growth, particularly when normal gene function is disrupted.

The finding challenges conventional views of how genetic information is translated and points to a previously unrecognized mechanism that could influence cancer progression and response to targeted therapies.

The process by which cells turn genes into proteins has long been understood as precise and tightly controlled. But new research shows that cells can unexpectedly cut RNA into shorter fragments that still produce functional proteins, sometimes with harmful consequences.

Not all organs age alike: AI unveils the molecular impact of menopause across the female body

Despite affecting half of the world’s population, menopause has historically been understudied and misunderstood, both in biomedical research and clinical practice. However, with the increase in life expectancy, the number of women in the postmenopausal stage continues to grow and, in 2021, those over 50 already represented 26% of the world’s population, according to the WHO.

Its effects go far beyond the reproductive system and are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and bone diseases. Nevertheless, few studies analyzed in depth how this process affects the female reproductive system as a whole, beyond the ovaries.

In this context, a new study by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center—Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS), published in Nature Aging, presents the first large-scale atlas of female reproductive system aging, providing a new vision of how this process impacts health.

Tackling the active antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soils

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soils.

Soil antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) originate from diverse anthropogenic inputs and undergo complex ecological and evolutionary processes that determine their persistence and mobility in terrestrial ecosystems.

Advanced monitoring strategies combining high-throughput DNA-based and single-cell functional techniques enable precise profiling of total and active ARGs in soil matrices.

A tiered risk assessment framework is proposed, integrating ARG mobility, host pathogenicity, and human exposure to support decision-making in One Health contexts.

Multi-barrier mitigation strategies – including source control and ecological bioremediation – offer scalable and synergistic solutions to reduce the risk of dissemination of soil ARGs. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-in-soils

Soils are critical reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), serving as interfaces among human, animal, plant, and environmental microbiomes. While many studies have profiled soil ARGs, most rely on DNA-based methods that cannot distinguish total from metabolically active ARB, limiting risk assessment and mitigation. This review outlines soil ARG sources, their mobility, and potential transmission to plants and the food chain. We highlight advances in community-and single-cell-level approaches for characterizing active ARB and explore emerging mitigation strategies such as advanced waste treatment and bioremediation. This review aims to bridge the gap between ARG pollution and its risk mitigation, contributing to a comprehensive framework for tackling active ARB in soils.

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