This case report describes generalized dystonia and dopaminergic system involvement in a woman with methylmalonic acidemia.
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Scientists reveal the hidden force driving the universe’s hottest fluid
When atomic nuclei crash into one another at nearly the speed of light, they briefly produce quark-gluon plasma, an extraordinarily hot state of matter in which quarks and gluons can move freely. This exotic material behaves like an almost perfect fluid and offers scientists a way to study conditions similar to those that existed shortly after the Big Bang.
Researchers have devoted considerable attention to the plasma’s intense swirling motion and powerful electromagnetic fields. Its acceleration, however, has received far less scrutiny, even though it directly contributes to the fireball’s rapid expansion. In hydrodynamics, acceleration is considered just as fundamental as vorticity, much as electric and magnetic fields are treated as equally important parts of electromagnetism.
New research shows the Golgi complex is involved in DNA repair control
Cells must constantly repair damage to their DNA that, if left unfixed, can lead to cell death, cancer, or accelerated ageing. EMBL researchers and their collaborators show that the Golgi complex, an organelle best known as the cell’s sorting and shipping centre, stores DNA-repair proteins and dispatches them to the nucleus when damage occurs. When DNA is damaged, the cell recruits the relevant repair proteins from the Golgi to the nucleus, matched to the type of damage, and clears the proteins it doesn’t need out of the nucleus, sequestering them back at the Golgi. This work reveals a new layer of regulation of DNA repair pathways from outside the nucleus, opening up new opportunities to modulate these pathways and to target related diseases such as cancer.
AI helps Stanford scientists discover “natural Ozempic” without the usual side effects
Stanford Medicine researchers have identified a naturally occurring molecule that may suppress appetite and reduce body weight in a way that resembles semaglutide, the active ingredient in Ozempic. In animal studies, the molecule also appeared to avoid several problems associated with the drug, including nausea, constipation and substantial muscle loss.
The molecule, known as BRP, works through a different but related metabolic pathway and activates a separate group of neurons in the brain. That distinction could make it a more precise tool for controlling appetite and body weight.
A simple supplement could help the immune system fight cancer and viruses
Low arginine levels may allow cancer cells and viruses to slip past the immune system by reducing production of a crucial cellular warning protein. In mice, arginine-rich diets led to fewer colon tumors and milder viral infections, suggesting a simple supplement could have powerful therapeutic potential.
LLM Security Basics: The Full Threat Model
For contrast, consider a different case. For roughly $20 in API queries, a team extracted part of a production OpenAI model through its public interface. That sounds like the threat most teams should really fear.
In this article, we try to build a map of the full attack surface that threatens an LLM’s security. With it, a given LLM feature can be located, its exposure points identified, and new threats reasoned about as they appear.
So let’s start with the single most important property.
Solar Wind Waves Are Stripping Mars’ Atmosphere into Space
Dual-spacecraft observations reveal that Kelvin-Helmholtz waves at Mars’s ionospheric boundary trigger sudden, violent bursts that strip away atmospheric plasma far faster than steady escape routes. [http://labroots.com/trending/space/30856/solar-wind-waves-st…re-space-2](http://labroots.com/trending/space/30856/solar-wind-waves-st…re-space-2)
How has Mars lost its atmosphere over time? This is what a recent study published in Science Advances hopes to address as a team of scientists investigated a connection between the solar wind the Mars’ atmospheric loss. This study has the potential to help scientists better understand how Mars went from a potentially habitable world to the cold and dry planet today, along with gaining insight into other worlds.
For the study, the researchers analyzed a combination of data obtained from NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft and China’s Tianwen-1 mission. The primary motivation behind the study was to address a longstanding knowledge gap regarding the physical processes occurring when the solar wind strikes Mar’s atmosphere and how this results in atmospheric loss. While Tianwen-1 data was used to track the incoming solar wind, MAVEN data was used to observe how this incoming solar wind impacted atmospheric loss.
In the end, the researchers found a known phenomenon called Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves that are produced as the incoming solar wind collides with Mars’ atmosphere. KH waves are produced when two fluids or gases of different speeds and densities slied past each other and can often be seen in Earth’s clouds. The researchers concluded that these KH waves are the reason behind the spikes in atmospheric ions being lost to space.