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If you want to learn about the nature of physical reality, naturally, you would turn to physics. It would seem a bit contradictory to say that physics itself can mislead you about the nature of physical reality. Yet, this can actually happen, and let me explain.

For any physical theory, it is possible to mathematically formulate it in various different mathematically equivalent ways. Yet, some formulations of the theory may be more difficult to carry out calculations in than others. Naturally, physicists will gravitate towards the formalism that is the simplest to perform calculations in.

Before quantum mechanics, there was matrix mechanics as developed by Heisenberg. Matrix mechanics is mathematically equivalent to quantum mechanics, and so it gives all of the same predictions. When Schrodinger developed the modern formulation of quantum mechanics, he referred to it as wave mechanics to distinguish it from Heisenberg’s formulation.

As part of the expansion, Yaskawa will begin manufacturing robots in Franklin. The company purchased a more than 200,000-square-foot building in Franklin in 2023 for $20 million. The site was previously used by a packaging company.

The Wisconsin Economic Development Corp. is supporting the project with up to $18 million dollars in tax credits. Officials say the amount of credits awarded will be contingent upon hitting job creation and investment targets.

In a statement, Gov. Tony Evers said the expansion would bring millions of dollars of investment and hundreds of “high-quality” jobs to southeast Wisconsin.

Three newly identified indole metabolites from a blood-dwelling bacterium were found to reduce skin cell inflammation and aging markers, offering promise for future anti-aging treatments. People spend a lot of time and money trying to keep their skin looking young, using everything from creams an

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center researchers have identified a metabolic switch that determines whether intestinal stem cells become absorptive or secretory cells. Manipulating the enzyme OGDH either fuels cell expansion or redirects fate, with potential consequences for colitis recovery and regenerative therapy.

Stem cells in the intestine maintain a delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation, continuously replenishing the epithelial lining of the gut.

As they divide, some daughter cells become absorptive enterocytes that expand the surface for , while others branch into that manufacture mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and hormones essential for gut immunity. Injury and inflammation can tip this balance, depleting secretory lineages and disrupting tissue integrity.

Understanding how drug delivery systems distribute in vivo remains a major challenge in developing nanomedicines. Especially in the lung, the complex and dynamic microenvironment often limits the effectiveness of existing approaches.

“Structural pharmaceutics” has been introduced as a new strategy to connect nanoparticle structures with physiological structures through advanced three-dimensional (3D) imaging and cross-scale characterizations.

In a study published in ACS Nano, a team led by Yin Xianzhen from the Lingang Laboratory and Zhang Jiwen from the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a precise targeting strategy for tracheal inflammation.