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Astronomers have filled a large gap in knowledge about Mars’ water cycle. Their research on water percolating from surface to aquifer could change the picture of what early Mars was like, suggesting that less of the planet’s water may have been available to become rain and refill lakes and oceans.

Billions of years ago, water flowed on the surface of Mars. But scientists have an incomplete picture of how the Red Planet’s water cycle worked.

That could soon change after two graduate students at The University of Texas at Austin filled a large gap in knowledge about Mars’ water cycle — specifically, the part between surface water and groundwater.

What if accessing knowledge, which used to require hours of analyzing handwritten scrolls or books, could be done in mere moments?

Throughout history, the way humans acquire knowledge has experienced great revolutions. The birth of writing and books altered learning, allowing ideas to be preserved and shared across generations. Then came the Internet, connecting billions of people to vast information at their fingertips.

Today, we stand at another shift: the age of AI tools, where AI doesn’t just give us answers—it provides reliable, tailored responses in seconds. We no longer need to gather and evaluate the correct information for our problems. If knowledge is now a tool everyone can hold, the real revolution starts when we use this superpower to solve problems and improve the world.

New YT video, featuring RAADFest creator, James Strole!


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New physics may explain discrepant values for the ionization energy of a metastable state of helium.

In the search for new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics, a significant discrepancy between theory and experiment attracts attention, especially in a simple atomic system such as helium. Recently, evidence has appeared for a 9 discrepancy in the ionization energy of the metastable triplet state of helium-4 (4He) [1, 2]. This stands out like a sore thumb in a field where theory and experiment are both highly accurate and normally in agreement. However, in assessing the validity of the discrepancy, there is always the possibility that something has been overlooked or miscalculated. Now Gloria Clausen and Frédéric Merkt of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich have released the results of their latest research [3] in a series of high-precision experiments [1, 4]. Their results (Fig.