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Category: sustainability – Page 23

Researchers from UCLA’s Institute for Carbon Management have developed a method that could eliminate nearly all of of the carbon dioxide emitted during the process of cement production, which accounts for about 8% of global atmospheric CO2 emissions.

In a new study published in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, the researchers describe how the new approach could be easily incorporated into existing cement-production processes, providing a more affordable alternative to existing solutions to decarbonize the industry.

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This sounds very promising! The researchers are investigating the use of nuclear microreactors to power faster and more efficient electric propulsion systems.☢️🚀

To develop spacecraft that can “maneuver without regret,” the U.S. Space Force is providing $35 million to a national research team led by the University of Michigan. It will be the first to bring fast chemical rockets together with efficient electric propulsion powered by a nuclear microreactor.

The newly formed Space Power and Propulsion for Agility, Responsiveness and Resilience Institute involves eight universities, and 14 industry partners and advisers in one of the nation’s largest efforts to advance space power and propulsion, a critical need for national defense and space exploration.

Right now, most spacecraft propulsion comes in one of two flavors: chemical rockets, which provide a lot of thrust but burn through fuel quickly, or electric propulsion powered by solar panels, which is slow and cumbersome but fuel efficient. Chemical propulsion comes with the highest risk of regret, as fuel is limited. But in some situations, such as when a collision is imminent, speed may be necessary.

Continue reading “Space Force funds M institute for versatile propulsion at U-M” | >

The new technology uses square steel pipes and plates for a flexible foundation structure.

A Japanese company has designed an earthquake-resistant foundation for fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines. Developed by J-Power and the University of Tokyo, the ‘flexible tripile’ foundation is tailored for Japan’s topography.

The newly devised technology incorporates square steel pipes and steel plates in the foundation’s base plate, creating a flexible structure that can deform relatively easily, according to the company.

J-Power claims that the design provides seismic isolation from the ground, improving constructability in areas with shallow bedrock and reducing vibrations caused by earthquakes.

Continue reading “Earthquake-resistant offshore foundation for wind turbines unveiled” | >

Plants can emit electric potential when pulling water from their roots to nourish their stems and leaves.

Experiments showed that the electrical potential in plants varies in a cyclic rhythm that matches their daily biological processes. This potential increases with decreased ion concentration or increased pH in the fluid, linking it to the plant’s water transpiration and ion transport mechanisms.

“Our eureka moment was when our first experiments showed it is possible to produce electricity in a cyclic rhythm and the precise linkage between this and the plant’s inherent daily rhythm,” Chakraborty added. “We could exactly pinpoint how this is related to water transpiration and the ions the plant carries via the ascent of sap.”

Chakraborty also noted that not only did the researchers rediscover the plant’s electrical rhythm, articulating it in terms of voltages and currents, alongside potentially tapping electrical power output from them in a sustainable manner with no environmental impact and no disruption to the ecosystem.

Continue reading “Plants can serve as long-term renewable energy source: Study” | >

Exposure to certain pollutants, like fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), during pregnancy and childhood is associated with differences in the microstructure of the brain´s white matter, and some of these effects persist throughout adolescence. These are the main conclusions of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), a centre supported by “la Caixa” Foundation. The findings, published in Environmental Research, highlight the importance of addressing air pollution as a public health issue, particularly for pregnant women and children.

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that air pollution affects neurodevelopment in children. Recent studies using imaging techniques have looked at the impact of air pollutants on the brain’s white matter, which plays a crucial role in connecting different brain regions. However, these studies were limited in that they only looked at one timepoint and did not follow the participants throughout childhood.

“Following participants throughout childhood and including two neuroimaging assessments for each child would shed new light on whether the effects of air pollution on white matter persist, attenuate, or worsen,” says ISGlobal researcher Mònica Guxens. And that is what she and her team did.

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The world’s largest maker of advanced chips has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of a global race to develop artificial intelligence.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. shares hit a record high after the chipmaker topped quarterly estimates and raised its target for 2024 revenue growth, allaying concerns about global chip demand and the sustainability of an AI hardware boom.

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Following a concept world premiere in 2022 and a track demo at Le Mans a couple months ago, the Alpine Alpenglow is back, this time serving as a spectacular highlight of the 2024 Paris Motor Show. Alpine has equipped the latest Alpenglow with an all-new “Hy6” twin-turbo V6 engine developed from the ground up to run on hydrogen. The Hy6 doubles the power of the last Alpenglow so the new car not only looks like an extreme track-only supercar, it performs and sounds like one, too.

Alpine originally revealed the Alpenglow at the 2022 Paris Motor Show as a blueprint for its more sustainable sporting future. The concept appeared loosely derived from the extreme styling of the student-crafted A4810 Alpine had shown earlier that year, and came to Paris with the promise of a hydrogen-engine-based drive system of undisclosed size and layout.

The concept continued along as a stunning but mysterious piece of event jewelry right up until this past May, when Alpine officially turned concept car into “rolling laboratory” for a dynamic track debut at the 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps and, a month later, Le Mans. Ahead of those demonstration runs, the French automaker finally threw some tender red meat to the starved gearhead masses, confirming a 340-hp 2.0-liter turbo-four hydrogen combustion engine powering the wheels.

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Researchers at the University of Liverpool and collaborators have arrived at a new understanding of bacterial photosynthesis. Using novel techniques, investigators have unveiled intricate detailed images of the key photosynthetic protein complexes of purple bacteria. These images shed new light on how these microorganisms harness solar energy.

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