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Category: quantum physics – Page 21

Physicists Blasted a Quantum Material With Lasers — Then Watched It Rebuild Itself

We already have quantum computers, but they’re highly specialized, not particularly practical, and only cover a fraction of the performance potential that scientists think this technology could ultimately unlock.

Quantum materials can host several competing electronic states, and figuring out how those states form is a longstanding challenge – which brings us to a new study published in Nature Physics.

The study by an international team of researchers investigates how two charge density wave (CDW) phases can emerge and co-exist in the same material.

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Cancer Is Quantum — and That Could Change How We Treat It

Beneath cancer’s genetic chaos, tumor cells may be confined to just a handful of recurring states, revealing a simpler path to treatment.

Cancer is often defined by its complexity: countless mutations, shifting cell populations, and tumors that evolve under pressure. But Andrea Califano’s research points to a surprising possibility: that beneath all that variation, cancer cells may be confined to only a handful of stable states.

It is this hidden order that led Califano, a physicist by training and now a cancer researcher, to describe cancer as a “quantum disease.” The comparison is not literal; rather, it reflects the idea that tumor cells may occupy discrete biological states, much as electrons are limited to specific energy levels in an atom.

New pulse-train method aims to improve precision in quantum control

Quantum technologies are poised to transform fields ranging from medicine and sensing to computing and communications by manipulating the energy states of atoms and molecules. These manipulations are achieved by controlling quantum states with laser pulses.

However, the intense laser fields often required for this control can cause unwanted effects that disrupt the very system they aim to manipulate.

Now, Stevens researchers and their collaborators have developed a novel method that enables precise control of quantum systems without these undesirable effects.

1,000 Times Faster Operations Bring Reliable Quantum Computing a Step Closer

So far, quantum computers have been held back by their extreme sensitivity to errors and external disturbances. The longer a quantum operation takes, the greater the risk of computational errors.

Now, researchers at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden have developed a new method that allows a wide range of advanced quantum operations to be carried out more than 1,000 times faster.

The breakthrough addresses a well-known bottleneck in the field and paves the way for fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Ultra-cold quantum sensors cut X-ray uncertainty, improving nuclear material assessments

To monitor the amount and type of nuclear material at power plants and weapons facilities, scientists look for a special signal—the unique pattern of gamma rays emitted by specific radioactive elements. However, some of these elements also emit X-rays in the same energy range as the gamma-ray emissions, masking the signal and making nuclear stockpiles harder to assess.

Now, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have measured the confounding X-ray emissions from plutonium, uranium and neptunium (a nuclear decay product of uranium) with unprecedented accuracy. This achievement allows scientists to filter out the X-ray background noise so they can more precisely evaluate the accumulation of nuclear materials.

“Our measurements support international nuclear safeguards by enabling more precise accounting of material in nuclear facilities,” said Jonathan Dean, a physicist at NIST and the University of Colorado Boulder.

A cosmic particle reached Earth against all odds. Scientists think they know why

The fact that this scenario accounts for both survival and delay makes it all the more compelling.

If the findings are confirmed, they would have far-reaching implications for fundamental physics, since they suggest the universe acts as a laboratory for quantum gravity, probing energies well beyond the range of Earth’s particle accelerators.

In addition, very high-energy photons might point to new physics, hinting at the point at which Einstein’s theory starts to break down under the most extreme conditions. In the future, more gamma-ray bursts could offer further tests, enabling scientists to refine or question this developing model and possibly leading to a new frontier in our knowledge of gravity.

Could quantum protocols make electronic voting more secure?

Electronic voting, the use of electronic systems to cast, record or count votes, could potentially simplify the process of electing new political leaders or other representatives. While some countries have already started using internet-connected devices or electronic voting machines at polling stations, the trustworthiness, security and anonymity of electronic voting systems are still widely debated.

Two distinct research teams, based at Sorbonne University and at the University of Geneva, recently carried out similar experiments assessing the potential of quantum physics-informed electronic voting protocols. The results of their tests, both published in Physical Review Letters, indicate that quantum protocols could allow votes to be collected electronically while protecting voter anonymity, without relying on a trusted central election authority.

Unconventional quantum materials could dramatically boost the search for dark matter

For decades, physicists have searched for dark matter, the invisible substance thought to make up roughly 85% of all matter in the universe. Although its gravitational influence shapes galaxies and the large-scale structure of the cosmos, dark matter has never been directly detected. Now, an international team has identified a new class of quantum materials that could dramatically improve the search for some of the lightest and most elusive forms of dark matter.

Published in Physical Review Letters, the study introduces three unconventional materials whose unique electronic properties could serve as exceptionally sensitive dark matter detectors, potentially surpassing existing detector designs by several orders of magnitude.

The research was conducted by Prof. Yonit Hochberg and Rotem Ovadia from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Dr. Dino Novko from the Institute of Physics in Croatia, and Prof. Antonio Politano of the University of L’Aquila. The work brings together expertise in particle physics, condensed matter physics and materials science to tackle one of the greatest unanswered questions in modern science.

Physics-aware benchmark reveals why similar materials AI models can predict thermal conductivity differently

Material properties such as sound insulation, resistance to extreme heat and thermal expansion originate from how the zillions of microscopic building blocks (nuclei and electrons) interact at equilibrium and respond to perturbations. Atoms are typically about one ten-billionth of a meter across, so there can be a lot of parts to keep track of—a task that is complicated at the quantum-mechanical level, where particles are neither here nor there until observed.

In recent years, researchers have turned to machine learning (ML) to overcome the challenges of tracking countless quantum particles while connecting these atomic-level details to observable physical properties. Models abound, but can they be trusted?

In a new paper published in Nature Communications, Michele Simoncelli, assistant professor of applied physics at Columbia, sets a benchmark for evaluating ML models that aim to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of different materials.