This Review covers state-of-the-art reconfigurable and tunable optical components and highlights the emergence of a set of materials that offer a new toolkit for tunability and control.
Category: quantum physics – Page 23
Quantum effect could power the next generation of battery-free devices
A new study has revealed how tiny imperfections and vibrations inside a promising quantum material could be used to control an unusual quantum effect, opening new possibilities for smaller, faster, and more efficient energy-harvesting devices.
The international team, led by Professor Dongchen Qi from the QUT School of Chemistry and Physics and Professor Xiao Renshaw Wang from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, studied the mechanism governing the so-called nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE). The research is published in the journal Newton.
Unlike the classical Hall effect, this quantum version allows alternating electrical signals, like those found in wireless or ambient energy sources, to be converted directly into usable direct current without the need for traditional diodes or bulky components.
When light ‘thinks’ like the brain: The connection between photons and artificial memory
An international study has revealed a surprising connection between quantum physics and the theoretical models underlying artificial intelligence. The study results from a collaboration between the Institute of Nanotechnology of the National Research Council (Cnr-Nanotec), the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), and Sapienza University of Rome, together with international research institutions. The research paper was published recently in the journal Physical Review Letters.
Italian researchers show that identical photons propagating within optical circuits spontaneously behave like a Hopfield Network, one of the best-known mathematical models used to describe the associative memory mechanisms of the human brain.
“Instead of using traditional electronic chips, we exploited quantum interference —the phenomenon that occurs in photonic chips when particles of light overlap and interact with one another to encode and retrieve information,” explains Marco Leonetti, coordinator and corresponding author of the study, senior researcher at Cnr-Nanotec and affiliated with the Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Rome. “In this system, photons are not merely carriers of data, but themselves become the ‘neurons’ of an associative memory.”
AI develops easily understandable solutions for unusual experiments in quantum physics
Researchers at the University of Tuebingen, working with an international team, have developed an artificial intelligence that designs entirely new, sometimes unusual, experiments in quantum physics and presents them in a way that is easily understandable for researchers. This includes experimental setups that humans might never have considered. The new AI doesn’t just create a single design proposal; instead, it writes computer code that generates a whole series of physical experiments, that is, groups of experiments with similar outputs. The study has been published in the journal Nature Machine Intelligence.
The newly developed AI uses a programming language that researchers can easily understand. This allows them to figure out the underlying idea behind the AI’s processes much more easily than before. “AI systems usually deliver their solutions without explaining how they work,” says Mario Krenn, Professor of Machine Learning in Science at the University of Tuebingen and senior author of the study. “We scientists have to try to understand the solutions afterward. This often took us days or weeks—if we understood them at all.”
Clearing the path for turbulence-free quantum communication
A University of Ottawa team has developed a new way to protect free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) from atmospheric turbulence, one of the main causes of distortion and errors when sending quantum information through air. Their paper, “All-optical turbulence mitigation for free-space quantum key distribution using stimulated parametric down-conversion,” appears in the journal Optica.
Instead of relying on complex, expensive digital adaptive optics, the researchers use a nonlinear optical process called “stimulated parametric down-conversion (StimPDC).” The technique leverages StimPDC’s phase-conjugation property to correct spatial-mode distortions dynamically without requiring prior knowledge of the turbulent channel.
“We found the idea of using a fundamental optical process to correct the effects of turbulence in real time to be both innovative and largely unexplored,” said Aarón Cardoso, lead author and Quantum Optics Student Researcher at uOttawa. “Our results show we can reduce quantum error rates below the security threshold even under strong turbulence.”
7,000 GPUs Simulate Quantum Microchip in Unprecedented Detail
Using the Perlmutter supercomputer, researchers achieved a record-scale simulation of a quantum microchip to refine and validate next-generation quantum hardware designs. Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley have complete
Securing the Cyber Supply Chain in an AI Era
Supply chain attacks are now a top cyber threat—SolarWinds and Colonial Pipeline showed how one weak link can cascade across entire sectors.
In my latest article, I examine how AI, 5G, IoT, and quantum computing are expanding both risks and defenses, and share practical steps: zero trust, SBOMs, supplier audits, public-private collaboration, and board-level ownership.
Cyber supply chain security is no longer optional—it’s essential for resilience, innovation, and national security.
Read the full piece: The Cybersecurity Challenges of the Supply Chain https://www.govconwire.com/articles/chuck-brooks-govcon-expe…hain-risks.
#cybersecurity #technology #supplychain
By Chuck Brooks, president of Brooks Consulting International and one of Executive Mosaic’s GovCon Experts
The quantum world reveals reality is made of relations, not objects
The everyday picture: a world of objects
We ordinarily think of the world as a collection of things or individual objects: tables, trees, planets, particles, people.
This way of thinking is not only intuitive but also tremendously useful. Whether crossing a busy street or hunting prey, we survive by tracking the motions of objects —judging their distances, anticipating their paths, and timing our actions accordingly. Evolutionarily speaking, this is a worldview to which humanity owes its continued existence.
Quantum algorithm beats classical tools on complement sampling tasks
Quantum computers—devices that process information using quantum mechanical effects—have long been expected to outperform classical systems on certain tasks. Over the past few decades, researchers have worked to rigorously demonstrate such advantages, ideally in ways that are provable, verifiable and experimentally realizable.
A team of researchers working at Quantinuum in the United Kingdom and QuSoft in the Netherlands has now developed a quantum algorithm that solves a specific sampling task—known as complement sampling—dramatically more efficiently than any classical algorithm. Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, establishes a provable and verifiable quantum advantage in sample complexity: the number of samples required to solve a problem.
“We stumbled upon the core result of this work by chance while working on a different project,” Harry Buhrman, co-author of the paper, told Phys.org. “We had a set of items and two quantum states: one formed from half of the items, the other formed from the remaining half. Even though the two states are fundamentally distinct, we showed that a quantum computer may find it hard to tell which one it is given. Surprisingly, however, we then realized that transforming one state into the other is always easy, because a simple operation can swap between them.”