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Archive for the ‘particle physics’ category: Page 19

Sep 18, 2024

Nuclear theorists turn to supercomputers to map out matter’s building blocks in 3D

Posted by in categories: education, particle physics, supercomputing

Deep inside what we perceive as solid matter, the landscape is anything but stationary. The interior of the building blocks of the atom’s nucleus—particles called hadrons that a high school student would recognize as protons and neutrons—are made up of a seething mixture of interacting quarks and gluons, known collectively as partons.

Sep 18, 2024

Black hole pairs may unveil new particles

Posted by in categories: cosmology, particle physics

In a paper published in Physical Review Letters this week, physicists from Amsterdam and Copenhagen argue that close observations of merging black hole pairs may unveil information about potential new particles. The research combines several new discoveries made by UvA scientists over the past six years.

Sep 18, 2024

CMS experiment at CERN weighs in on the W boson mass

Posted by in category: particle physics

In 2023, the ATLAS collaboration, which provided its first W boson mass measurement in 2017, released an improved measurement based on a reanalysis of proton–proton collision data from the first run of the LHC. This improved result, 80,366.5 MeV with an uncertainty of 15.9 MeV, lined up with all previous measurements except the CDF measurement, which remains the most precise to date, with a precision of 0.01%.

The CMS experiment has now contributed to this global endeavor with its first W boson mass measurement. The keenly anticipated result, 80,360.2 with an uncertainty of 9.9 MeV, has a precision comparable to that of the CDF measurement and is in line with all previous measurements except the CDF result.

“The wait for the CMS result is now over. After carefully analyzing data collected in 2016 and going through all the cross checks, the CMS W mass result is ready,” says outgoing CMS spokesperson Patricia McBride. “This analysis is the first attempt to measure the W mass in the harsh collision environment of the second running period of the LHC. And all the hard work from the team has resulted in an extremely precise W mass measurement and the most precise measurement at the LHC.”

Sep 17, 2024

Elevating the search for dark matter

Posted by in categories: cosmology, nanotechnology, particle physics, quantum physics

Some recent dark matter experiments have begun employing levitated optomechanical systems. Kilian et al. explored how levitated large-mass sensors and dark matter research intersect.

Levitated sensors are quantum technology platforms that use magnetic fields, electric fields, or light to levitate and manipulate particles, which become very sensitive to weak forces. These sensors are especially well suited for detecting candidates in regimes where current large-scale experiments suffer limitations, such as ultralight and certain hidden-sector candidates.

The authors discussed how these advantages make levitated sensors, including optically trapped silica nanoparticles, magnetically trapped ferromagnets, and levitated superconducting particles, ideal for detecting different dark matter candidates.

Sep 17, 2024

Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain

Posted by in categories: health, neuroscience, particle physics

Question Can microplastics reach the olfactory bulb in the human brain?

Findings This case series analyzed the olfactory bulbs of 15 deceased individuals via micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and detected the presence of microplastics in the olfactory bulbs of 8 individuals. The predominant shapes were particles and fibers, with polypropylene being the most common polymer.

Meaning The presence of microplastics in the human olfactory bulb suggests the olfactory pathway as a potential entry route for microplastics into the brain, highlighting the need for further research on their neurotoxic effects and implications for human health.

Sep 17, 2024

Glycoproteins: Glycoprotein ##glycoprotein

Posted by in category: particle physics


Glycoproteins are a diverse group of proteins that have carbohydrate chains covalently attached to their polypeptide chains. These carbohydrate chains, or glycans, can vary greatly in size, complexity, and composition, leading to a wide range of glycoprotein functions and properties.

The attachment of glycans to proteins typically occurs in two main types of linkages: N-linked glycosylation, where the carbohydrate is attached to the nitrogen atom of asparagine side chains, and O-linked glycosylation, where it attaches to the oxygen atom of serine or threonine side chains. These modifications can significantly impact a glycoprotein’s structure, stability, and function.

Sep 16, 2024

Theoretical physicists develop method to model a central theory of quantum gravity in the laboratory

Posted by in categories: particle physics, quantum physics, space travel

Gravity is no longer a mystery to physicists—at least when it comes to large distances. Thanks to science, we can calculate the orbits of planets, predict tides, and send rockets into space with precision. However, the theoretical description of gravity reaches its limits at the level of the smallest particles, the so-called quantum level.

Sep 16, 2024

Microsoft makes quantum breakthrough, plans commercial offering

Posted by in categories: computing, particle physics, quantum physics

Microsoft and Atom Computing aim to capitalize on a qubit-virtualization system that Microsoft and Quantinuum say has broken a logical-qubit creation record.

Sep 15, 2024

Earth to get an asteroid mini-moon for 2 months

Posted by in categories: particle physics, space

Scientists have measured the magnetic moment of the muon to unprecedented precision, more than doubling the previous record.

Physicists from the Muon g-2 Collaboration cycled muons, known as “heavy electrons,” in a particle storage at Fermilab in the United States to nearly the speed of light. Applying a magnetic field about 30,000 times stronger than Earth’s, the muons precessed like tops around their spin axis due to their own magnetic moment.

As they circled a 7.1-meter diameter storage ring, the ’s magnetic moment, influenced by virtual particles in the vacuum, interacted with the external magnetic field. By comparing this precession frequency with the cycling frequency around the ring, the collaboration was able to determine the muon’s “anomalous magnetic moment” to a precision of 0.2 parts per million.

Sep 15, 2024

Findings from experimental setup demonstrate potential for compact and portable nuclear clocks

Posted by in category: particle physics

Scientists use atomic clocks to measure the “second,” the smallest standard unit of time, with great precision. These clocks use natural oscillations of electrons in atoms, similar to how pendulums work in old grandfather clocks. The quest for an even more precise timekeeper led to the discovery of nuclear clocks, which use the transitions of atomic nuclei instead of electrons to keep time.

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