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Archive for the ‘neuroscience’ category: Page 357

Jan 10, 2023

Newly discovered anatomy shields and monitors brain

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience, robotics/AI

From the complexity of neural networks to basic biological functions and structures, the human brain only reluctantly reveals its secrets. Advances in neuro-imaging and molecular biology have only recently enabled scientists to study the living brain at level of detail not previously achievable, unlocking many of its mysteries. The latest discovery, described today in the journal Science, is a previously unknown component of brain anatomy that acts as both a protective barrier and platform from which immune cells monitor the brain for infection and inflammation.

The new study comes from the labs of Maiken Nedergaard, co-director of the Center for Translational Neuromedicine at University of Rochester and the University of Copenhagen and Kjeld Møllgård, M.D., a professor of neuroanatomy at the University of Copenhagen. Nedergaard and her colleagues have transformed our understanding of the fundamental mechanics of the human brain and made significant findings to the field of neuroscience, including detailing the many critical functions of previously overlooked cells in the brain called glia and the brain’s unique process of waste removal, which the lab named the glymphatic system.

“The discovery of a new anatomic structure that segregates and helps control the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in and around the brain now provides us much greater appreciation of the sophisticated role that CSF plays not only in transporting and removing waste from the brain, but also in supporting its immune defenses,” said Nedergaard.

Jan 10, 2023

Fruit flies help researchers decode genetic link to Alzheimer’s disease

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics, neuroscience

Researchers have used fruit flies to decipher an unexplained connection between Alzheimer’s disease and a genetic variation, revealing that it causes neurons to die.

The findings from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI)-led team uncover a possible cause of neurodegeneration in the early stages of Alzheimer’s and open the door for the future development of new treatments for cognitive diseases.

The study, “An increase in mitochondrial TOM activates apoptosis to drive retinal neurodegeneration,” with collaborators from Australian National University, is published in Scientific Reports.

Jan 9, 2023

A phase 2 trial of inhaled nitrous oxide for treatment-resistant major depression

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

About one-third of individuals suffering from depression are at risk for treatment resistance. Whereas inhaled 50% nitrous oxide has early antidepressant effects on individuals with treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD), adverse effects can occur at this concentration. In this phase 2 clinical trial, Nagele et al. studied the effects of a single 1-hour treatment with 25% nitrous oxide on depression symptoms in those with TRMD, finding that this lower concentration had comparable efficacy to 50% nitrous oxide over several weeks but was associated with significantly fewer adverse effects. These results highlight that lower concentrations of nitrous oxide may be a useful treatment for TRMD.


Twenty-five percent inhaled nitrous oxide improves symptoms of treatment-resistant major depression with fewer adverse effects than the 50% concentration.

Jan 9, 2023

Dr. Richard Burt MD — Pioneering Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants (HSCT) For Autoimmune Disorders

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

Pioneering Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants (HSCT) For Autoimmune Disorders — Dr. Richard K. Burt


Dr. Richard K. Burt MD (https://astemcelljourney.com/about/drrichardburt/) is a Fulbright Scholar, Professor of Medicine at Scripps Health Care, tenured retired Professor of Medicine at Northwestern University where he served as Chief of Immunotherapy and Autoimmune Diseases, and CEO of Genani Biotechnology.

Continue reading “Dr. Richard Burt MD — Pioneering Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants (HSCT) For Autoimmune Disorders” »

Jan 9, 2023

Human and Neanderthal brains have a surprising ‘youthful’ quality in common, new research finds

Posted by in category: neuroscience

Modern humans have a youthful brain, and this “Peter Pan syndrome” is also seen in Neanderthals.

Many believe our particularly large brain is what makes us human — but is there more to it? The brain’s shape, as well as the shapes of its component parts (lobes) may also be important.

Jan 9, 2023

The Universe in 90 minutes: Time, free will, God, & more | Sean Carroll

Posted by in categories: cosmology, neuroscience, quantum physics

Everything you ever wanted to know about parallel universes, time, entropy, free will and more, explained by physicist Sean Carroll.

Up next, Michio Kaku: The Universe in a nutshell (Full Presentation) ► https://youtu.be/0NbBjNiw4tk.

Continue reading “The Universe in 90 minutes: Time, free will, God, & more | Sean Carroll” »

Jan 9, 2023

Scientists implant human brains in mice and make breakthrough discovery

Posted by in categories: innovation, neuroscience

A team of researchers has implanted human brains in mice in an experiment to measure the test subjects’ responses to sight, smell, and touch.

Jan 9, 2023

Humans’ big-brain genes may have come from ‘junk DNA’

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

“De novo” genes may have paved the way for humans’ big brains.

Jan 9, 2023

Where is intelligence in the brain?

Posted by in category: neuroscience

The specific regions responsible for “smartness” are still unknown. It is clear that there is no single site of intelligence.

Jan 8, 2023

Brain Dead Vs. Coma Vs. Vegetative State: What’s The Difference?

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, employment, neuroscience

In light of Whitney Houston and Bobby Brown’s daughter, Bobbi Kristina being found unconscious, there have been many headlines that said she in “a coma” or a “vegetative state” or even “brain dead”. First things first, patients who suffer brain death are not in coma. And patients who are in coma may or may not progress to brain death.

The brain has a number of vast jobs to complete every second and is a very complex organ. The brain controls not only an individual’s thought process and voluntary movements, but it controls involuntary movements and other vital body functions. These functions include auditory, olfactory, visual and tactile senses, regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate (although the heart can continue to beat without the brain in “autotonic response”). The brain also produces hormones to control individual organ function. A good example is the brain’s production of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone is produced to concentrate the urine in the kidneys, thus protecting against life-threatening dehydration.

MUST READ: “Brain Dead” Child Showing Signs Of Life

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