The human brain consumes vast amounts of energy, which is almost exclusively generated from a form of metabolism that requires oxygen. While the efficient and timely delivery of oxygen is known to be critical to healthy brain function, the precise mechanics of this process have largely remained hidden from scientists.
Our brain waves can align when we work and play closely together. The phenomenon, known as interbrain synchrony, suggests that collaboration is biological.
Activities like writing, gardening and knitting can improve your cognition and mood. Tapping, typing and scrolling? Less so.
Diamond is a promising material for the biomedical field, mainly due to its set of characteristics such as biocompatibility, strength, and electrical conductivity. Diamond can be synthesised in the laboratory by different methods, is available in the form of plates or films deposited on foreign substrates, and its morphology varies from microcrystalline diamond to ultrananocrystalline diamond. In this review, we summarise some of the most relevant studies regarding the adhesion of cells onto diamond surfaces, the consequent cell growth, and, in some very interesting cases, the differentiation of cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes. We discuss how different morphologies can affect cell adhesion and how surface termination can influence the surface hydrophilicity and consequent attachment of adherent proteins.
On 28 March it’s the 60th anniversary of the discovery of Epstein-Barr virus, the most common viral infection in humans. The virus was first discovered in association with a rare type of cancer located in Africa, but is now understood to be implicated in 1% of cancers, as well as the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. Ian Sample meets Lawrence Young, professor of molecular oncology at Warwick Medical School, to hear the story of this virus, and how it might help us prevent and treat cancer and other illnesses.
Working memory (WM) is a kind of advanced cognitive function, which requires the participation and cooperation of multiple brain regions. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are the main responsible brain regions for WM. Exploring information coordination between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during WM is a frontier problem in cognitive neuroscience. In this paper, an advanced information theory analysis based on bimodal neural electrical signals (local field potentials, LFPs and spikes) was employed to characterize the transcerebral information coordination across the two brain regions. Firstly, LFPs and spikes were recorded simultaneously from rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during the WM task by using multi-channel in vivo recording technique. Then, from the perspective of information theory, directional hippocampus-prefrontal cortex networks were constructed by using transfer entropy algorithm based on spectral coherence between LFPs and spikes. Finally, transcerebral coordination of bimodal information at the brain-network level was investigated during acquisition and performance of the WM task. The results show that the transfer entropy in directional hippocampus-prefrontal cortex networks is related to the acquisition and performance of WM. During the acquisition of WM, the information flow, local information transmission ability and information transmission efficiency of the directional hippocampus-prefrontal networks increase over learning days. During the performance of WM, the transfer entropy from the hippocampus to prefrontal cortex plays a leading role for bimodal information coordination across brain regions and hippocampus has a driving effect on prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, bimodal information coordination in the hippocampus → prefrontal cortex network could predict WM during the successful performance of WM.
Keywords: Bimodal neural electrical signals; Graph theory; Transcerebral information coordination; Transfer entropy; Working memory.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022.
In this podcast, we chat with Simeon Bamford, who’s currently working on tactile neuromorphic sensors, about creating circuits to perform functions lost to brain damage, Bamford’s involvement with the commercialization of dynamic vision sensors and more.
“We hope our work will contribute to informed decisions regarding regulatory measures or behavioral interventions to minimize chemical exposure and protect human health,” Tesar said in a statement.
1.8 million. That’s how many people globally have multiple sclerosis, according to the World Health Organization. The agency also found around one in 100 children worldwide have been diagnosed with autism.
“Rigorous safety tests are in place for human health that are evaluated by [the] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for approval and compliance with all regulatory guidelines,” Brian Sansoni, senior vice president for Communications, Outreach and Membership for the American Cleaning Institute, told Forbes. The ACI represents top cleaning product manufacturers like the Clorox Company and Procter & Gamble. “ACI member company manufacturers make product safety a top priority.” Quats have been known to be effective at killing bacteria, germs, viruses and mold. “The use of cleaning products, disinfectants and their chemistries contribute to public health in homes, schools, healthcare settings and communities every single day,” the ACI said.
This video is part of the open course “Neuroscience for machine learners”. Find out more at https://neuro4ml.github.io/
Summary: Researchers unveiled a groundbreaking discovery that DNA damage and brain inflammation are vital processes for forming long-term memories, particularly within the brain’s hippocampus.
Contrary to previous beliefs associating inflammation with neurological diseases, this study highlights inflammation’s critical role in memory formation through the activation of the Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway following DNA damage in hippocampal neurons.
These findings not only challenge conventional views on brain inflammation but also caution against indiscriminate inhibition of the TLR9 pathway, given its importance in memory encoding and the potential risks of genomic instability.
