Mathematical methods point to possibility of particles long thought impossible.
Category: mathematics – Page 5
A new study in Nature Communications explores the dynamics of higher-order novelties, identifying fascinating patterns in how we combine existing elements to create novelty, potentially reshaping our understanding of human creativity and innovation.
Novelties—a common part of human life—refer to one of two things. The first is the discovery of a single item, like a place, song, or an artist. The second covers discoveries new to everyone, such as technological developments or drug discoveries.
The researchers in this study aimed to understand how both kinds of novelties emerge. The team was led by Prof. Vito Latora from the Queen Mary University of London, who spoke to Phys.org about the work.
OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, says it has proof that the Chinese start-up DeepSeek used its technology to create a competing artificial intelligence model — fueling concerns about intellectual property theft in the fast-growing industry.
OpenAI believes DeepSeek, which was founded by math whiz Liang Wenfeng, used a process called “distillation,” which helps make smaller AI models perform better by learning from larger ones.
While this is common in AI development, OpenAI says DeepSeek may have broken its rules by using the technique to create its own AI system.
While DeepSeek makes AI cheaper, seemingly without cutting corners on quality, a group is trying to figure out how to make tests for AI models that are hard enough. It’s ‘Humanity’s Last Exam’
If you’re looking for a new reason to be nervous about artificial intelligence, try this: Some of the smartest humans in the world are struggling to create tests that AI systems can’t pass.
For years, AI systems were measured by giving new models a variety of standardized benchmark tests. Many of these tests consisted of challenging, SAT-calibre problems in areas like math, science and logic. Comparing the models’ scores over time served as a rough measure of AI progress.
Yale physicists have uncovered a sophisticated and previously unknown set of “modes” within the human ear, which impose crucial constraints on how the ear amplifies faint sounds, withstands loud noises, and distinguishes an astonishing range of sound frequencies.
By applying existing mathematical models to a generic mock-up of the cochlea—a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear—the researchers revealed an additional layer of cochlear complexity. Their findings provide new insights into the remarkable capacity and precision of human hearing.
“We set out to understand how the ear can tune itself to detect faint sounds without becoming unstable and responding even in the absence of external sounds,” said Benjamin Machta, an assistant professor of physics in Yale’s Faculty of Arts and Science and co-senior author of a new study in the journal PRX Life. “But in getting to the bottom of this we stumbled onto a new set of low frequency mechanical modes that the cochlea likely supports.”
In a ground-breaking theoretical study, two physicists have identified a new class of quasiparticle called the paraparticle. Their calculations suggest that paraparticles exhibit quantum properties that are fundamentally different from those of familiar bosons and fermions, such as photons and electrons respectively.
Using advanced mathematical techniques, Kaden Hazzard at Rice University in the US and his former graduate student Zhiyuan Wang, now at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Germany, have meticulously analysed the mathematical properties of paraparticles and proposed a real physical system that could exhibit paraparticle behaviour.
“Our main finding is that it is possible for particles to have exchange statistics different from those of fermions or bosons, while still satisfying the important physical principles of locality and causality,” Hazzard explains.
Mathematics and physics have long been regarded as the ultimate languages of the universe, but what if their structure resembles something much closer to home: our spoken and written languages? A recent study suggests that the mathematical equations used to describe physical laws follow a surprising pattern—a pattern that aligns with Zipf’s law, a principle from linguistics.
This discovery could reshape our understanding of how we conceptualize the universe and even how our brains work. Let’s explore the intriguing connection between the language of mathematics and the physical world.
What Is Zipf’s Law?
Yale physicists have discovered a sophisticated, previously unknown set of “modes” within the human ear that put important constraints on how the ear amplifies faint sounds, tolerates noisy blasts, and discerns a stunning range of sound frequencies in between.
By applying existing mathematical models to a generic mock-up of a cochlea—a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear—the researchers have revealed a new layer of cochlear complexity. The findings, which appear in PRX Life, offer fresh insight into the remarkable capacity and accuracy of human hearing.
“We set out to understand how the ear can tune itself to detect faint sounds without becoming unstable and responding even in the absence of external sounds,” said Benjamin Machta, an assistant professor of physics in Yale’s Faculty of Arts and Science and co-senior author of the new study. “But in getting to the bottom of this we stumbled onto a new set of low frequency mechanical modes that the cochlea likely supports.”
In the late 19th century, Karl Weierstrass invented a fractal-like function that was decried as nothing less than a “deplorable evil.” In time, it would transform the foundations of mathematics.
Professors Jon Chapman and Sam Howison explain the science behind Euler’s Disk.
🎬 | Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford.
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