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Category: genetics – Page 234

Realistic and complex models of brain cells, developed at Cedars-Sinai with support from our scientists and our #openscience data, could help answer questions a… See more.

Cedars-Sinai investigators have created bio-realistic and complex computer models of individual brain cells—in unparalleled quantity.

Their research, published today in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Reports, details how these models could one day answer questions about neurological disorders—and even human intellect—that aren’t possible to explore through biological experiments.

“These models capture the shape, timing and speed of the electrical signals that neurons fire in order to communicate with each other, which is considered the basis of brain function,” said Costas Anastassiou, PhD, a research scientist in the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai, and senior author of the study. “This lets us replicate brain activity at the single-cell level.”

The models are the first to combine data sets from different types of laboratory experiments to present a complete picture of the electrical, genetic and biological activity of single neurons. The models can be used to test theories that would require dozens of experiments to examine in the lab, Anastassiou said.

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A team at the University of California, Irvine, has identified a signaling molecule that potently stimulates hair growth.

A signaling molecule known as SCUBE3, which was discovered by researchers at the University of California, Irvine, has the potential to cure androgenetic alopecia, a prevalent type of hair loss in both women and men.

The research, which was recently published in the journal Developmental Cell, uncovered the precise mechanism by which the dermal papilla cells, specialized signal-producing fibroblasts found at the bottom of each hair follicle, encourage new development. Although the critical role dermal papilla cells play in regulating hair growth is widely established, the genetic basis of the activating chemicals involved is little understood.

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https://www.jpost.com/health-and-wellness/article-714670 https://youtu.be/uc6f_2npsx8

The seeds of innovation appear to be seedless. According to game-changing research led by our very own Dr. Lior Rubinovich, it is now finally possible to grow avocado plants solely from tissue culture. Why is this good? Aside from being free of deformities, disease-proof, and significantly fast-growing – cultivated avocado plants mean genetic uniformity, which implies that all plants originate from the same delicious, nutritious, and healthy tissue. The founding of Bestree means a great deal for the northern region of Israel, both financially and innovatively. Therefore, we are proud to share this inspiring research with the rest of the world! Read more about Bestree & cultivated avocados in the full article https://www.ice.co.il/media/news/article/876527

האם ניתן לרבות שתילי אבוקדו בתרביות ריקמה? עד לפני כמה חודשים התשובה הייתה: “אולי, אבל טרם הצלחנו להבין כיצד לעשות זאת” היום התמונה היא אחרת, בעקבות מחקרו פורץ הדרך של ד“ר ליאור רובינוביץ’ הפך אבוקדו שמיוצר בתרבית ריקמה לרעיון שלא רק ניתן ליישמו במעבדה אלא גם למסחרו ולהביאו כבשורה לחקלאות העולמית! זהו פיתוחה וחזונה של חב’ Bestree אשר הוקמה על בסיס מחקרו של רבינוביץ’ ונחנכה בטקס חגיגי בקיבוץ אל-רום שבגליל. מעבר ליתרונות השיווקיים והכלכליים של המהלך – הקמתה של חב’ Bestree שמה את מיגל בשורה הראשונה של מכוני מחקר בעולם ובכך מקדמת גם את הפיתוח וההתחדשות החקלאית והמדעית של צפון מדינת ישראל! לחצו לקריאה מורחבת אודות חב’ Bestree https://www.ice.co.il/media/news/article/876527

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A fruit fly genome is not a just made up of fruit fly DNA—at least for one fruit fly species. New research from the University of Maryland School of Medicine’s (UMSOM) Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS) shows that one fruit fly species contains whole genomes of a kind of bacteria, making this finding the largest bacteria-to-animal transfer of genetic material ever discovered. The new research also sheds light on how this happens.

The IGS researchers, led by Julie Dunning Hotopp, Ph.D., Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at UMSOM and IGS, used new genetic long-read sequencing technology to show how genes from the bacteria Wolbachia incorporated themselves into the fly genome up to 8,000 years ago.

The researchers say their findings show that unlike Darwin’s finches or Mendel’s peas, isn’t always small, incremental, and predictable.

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Genetic mutations which cause a debilitating hereditary kidney disease affecting children and young adults have been fixed in patient-derived kidney cells using a potentially game-changing DNA repair-kit. The advance, developed by University of Bristol scientists, is published in Nucleic Acids Research.

In this new study, the international team describe how they created a DNA repair vehicle to genetically fix faulty podocin, a common genetic cause of inheritable Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS).

Podocin is a protein normally located on the surface of specialized and essential for . Faulty podocin, however, remains stuck inside the cell and never makes it to the surface, terminally damaging the podocytes. Since the disease cannot be cured with medications, gene therapy which repairs the causing the faulty podocin offers hope for patients.

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A research team led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has succeeded for the first time in producing a molecular electric motor using the DNA origami method. The tiny machine made of genetic material self-assembles and converts electrical energy into kinetic energy. The new nanomotors can be switched on and off, and the researchers can control the rotation speed and rotational direction.

Be it in our cars, drills or automatic coffee grinders—motors help us perform work in our everyday lives to accomplish a wide variety of tasks. On a much smaller scale, natural molecular motors perform vital tasks in our bodies. For instance, a protein known as ATP synthase produces the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which our body uses for short-term storage and transfer of energy.

While natural molecular motors are essential, it has been quite difficult to recreate motors on this scale with roughly similar to those of natural molecular motors like ATP synthase. A research team has now constructed a working nanoscale molecular rotary motor using the DNA origami method and published their results in Nature. The team was led by Hendrik Dietz, Professor of Biomolecular Nanotechnology at TUM, Friedrich Simmel, Professor of Physics of Synthetic Biological Systems at TUM, and Ramin Golestanian, director at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization.

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A Purdue University chemical engineer has improved upon traditional methods to produce off-the-shelf human immune cells that show strong antitumor activity, according to a paper published in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Reports.

Xiaoping Bao, a Purdue University assistant professor from the Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, said CAR-neutrophils, or chimeric antigen receptor neutrophils, and engraftable HSCs, or , are effective types of therapies for blood diseases and cancer. Neutrophils are the most abundant white cell blood type and effectively cross physiological barriers to infiltrate solid tumors. HSCs are specific progenitor that will replenish all blood lineages, including neutrophils, throughout life.

“These cells are not readily available for broad clinical or research use because of the difficulty to expand ex vivo to a sufficient number required for infusion after isolation from donors,” Bao said. “Primary neutrophils especially are resistant to genetic modification and have a short half-life.”

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